1. The science of classifying organisms is called taxonomy
Scientific Classification-the division of organisms into groups based on shared characteristics
Taxonomy-The science of classifying organisms
Carolus Linnaeus-“father of modern taxonomy” where organisms are grouped into “taxa” based on their similarities to each other
The science of classifying organisms is called taxonomy
The “father of modern taxonomy” was Carolus Linnaeus (Carl von Linné)
Organisms are grouped into “taxa” based on their similarities to each other

2. Binomial Nomenclature: “a two-name system”
Ursus americanus
American Black Bear
Binomial Nomenclature:
“a two-name system”
First part of name: genus, first letter always capitalized
Second part of name: species, first letter always lowercase
Entire name is italicized
Names submitted by original discoverer, and are generally Latin
Binomial Nomenclature: “a two-name system”
First part of name: genus first letter always capitalized
Second part of name: species first letter always lowercase
Entire name is underlined and italicized
Names must be submitted for acceptance by original discoverer, and are generally Latin or Latinized

3. Latin names gives clues about the organism Canis lupus (wolf)
Canis domesticus
(dog)
Latin names gives clues about the organism
Canis lupus
(wolf)
Often Latin names contain clues about the type of organism being described.
Canis domesticus
And closely related organisms are often in the same genus, also giving clues about their names
Canis lupus
Some names are given after the discoverer, or the discovery location, or even a Latinized descriptive term in English

4. The Old System 5 Kingdom Classification System:
Monera: all prokaryotes (no nucleus)
Protista: single-celled eukaryotes (protists)
Fungi: multi-cellular consumer, sessile,eukaryotes
Plantae: multi-cellular producer, sessile, eukaryotes
Animalia: multi-cellular consumer, motile eukaryotes
5 Kingdom Classification System:
Monera: all prokaryotes
Protista: single-celled eukaryotes (protists)
Fungi: multi-cellular heterotrophic sessile eukaryotes
Plantae: multi-cellular autotrophic sessile eukaryotes
Animalia: multi-cellular heterotrophic motile eukaryotes

5. 6 Kingdom Proposal Eubacteria Archaebacteria
6 Kingdom Classification System
Kingdom Eubacteria: true bacteria
(formerly in kingdom monera)
Kingdom Archebacteria: extremophiles (formerly in kingdom monera)
Kingdom Protista (same)
Kingdom Fungi
Kingdom Plantae
Kingdom Animalia

6. Organisms are grouped into smaller and smaller groups all the way down to their species
A species is the most specific grouping and includes only organisms that can interbreed with each other and produce fertile offspring
Organisms are grouped into smaller and smaller groups all the way down to their species
A species is the most specific grouping and includes only organisms that can interbreed with each other and produce fertile offspring

7. Dear King Philip Came Over
For Grape Soda
Taxa

8. 3 Domain System: Archaea: prokaryotes (no nucleus)
extremophiles, single-celled
Eubacteria: prokaryotes ; true bacteria
Eukarya: eukaryotes (true nucleus)
Protista
Fungi
plants
animals

9. Domain Archaea Formerly part of the kingdom monera
Microbiologists who study bacteria determined that the DNA of these are much different from other, true bacteria
Most Archaea live in extreme conditions (very hot, acidic/basic, sulfurous, etc)

10. Domain Archaea, Kingdom Archaea
Single cell, no nucleus(prokaryotic)
Microbiologists who study bacteria determined that the DNA of these are much different from other, true bacteria
Most Archaea live in extreme conditions (very hot, acidic/basic, sulfurous, etc)
Reproduce asexually

11. Domain Eubacteria Formerly a part of the kingdom monera
Name means “true bacteria”
These are the kind of bacteria likely to make us sick, live in our gut to help us digest food, or be used in the making of cheese
Bacilli
Streptococcus
Staphylococcus
Dicoccus
Spirilla

12. Domain Eubacteria, Kingdom Bacteria
Single cell, no nucleus(prokaryotic)
Name means “true bacteria”
These are the kind of bacteria likely to make us sick, live in our gut to help us digest food, or be used in the making of cheese, yogurt
Helpful and harmful
Reproduce asexually, by binary fission

14. Domain Eukarya
Contains all of the eukaryotes (organisms with a nucleus in their cells)
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
Contains all of the eukaryotes (organisms with a nucleus in their cells)
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia

15. Kingdom Protista—consumers, producers & decomposers Eukaryotic (true nucleus), mostly unicellular, (some, like algae is multicellular)organisms, most reproduce asexually
Animal-Like
(Protozoans)
Paramecium
Giardia
Fungus-Like
Plant-Like
Includes All Protists:
Eukaryotic
Unicellular
Animal-Like Protists (protozoans)
Pseudopods, Ciliates, Flagellates
Examples: Amoeba, Paramecia, Giardia
Plant-Like Protists (autotrophic)
Euglenoids, Dinoflagellates, Diatoms, Green/Red/Brown Algae
Fungus-Like Protists
Examples: Water molds, slime molds
Water Mold
Slime Mold
Diatom
Euglena
Green Algae
Brown Algae
Dinoflagellates

16. Includes: molds, mushrooms, rusts, lichens
Kingdom Fungi
All eukaryotic, multicellular, heterotrophic, sessile organisms
Includes: molds, mushrooms, rusts, lichens
Mycorrhizal associations allow plants to absorb more water and nutrients from the soil
Eukaryotic (true nucleus), multicellular, (except yeast) heterotrophic (consumers), sessile(immobile) organisms, reproduce asexually
Includes: molds, mushrooms, rusts, lichens

17. Coniferophytes (Pine Trees)
Kingdom Plantae
Primitive Plants
Bryophyte (Moss)
Pteridophyte(Fern)
Coniferophytes (Pine Trees)
All eukaryotic, multicellular,
Autotrophic (makes own food), non-moving, organisms
Produce their own food from sunlight, carbon dioxide & water, reproduce sexually &
asexually
Complex Plants
All eukaryotic, multicellular, autotrophic, sessile organisms
Produce their own food from sunlight and carbon dioxide
Common Phyla:
Bryophyta (mosses)
Pteridophyta (ferns)
Coniferophyta (conifers, like pine trees)
Angiospermophyta (angiosperms, like flowering plants
Angiosperm; Dicot
Angiosperm; Monocot

18. Animal Kingdom Porifera Ctenophora Cnidaria Nematoda Platyhelminthes
All eukaryotic, multicellular, heterotrophic, motile (most) organisms
Common Phyla:
Porifera (sponges, corral)
Cnidaria & Ctenophora (jellyfish and similar animals)
Platyhelmenthes (flat worms, tapeworms)
Nematoda (small unsegmented worms)
Platyhelminthes

19. Arthropoda Chordata Annelida Molluska Echinodermata
Mollusca (inc. clams, oysters, etc..)
Annelida (segmented worms)
Echinodermata (starfish and anemones)
Arthropoda (crustaceans, insects, spiders)
Chordata (those with spinal chords)
Molluska
Echinodermata

20. Animal Kingdom
All eukaryotic (true nucleus), multicellular, heterotrophic (consumers) , motile (most able to move) organisms, reproduce sexually (most)

21. Branching Diagrams (cladograms)
Branching diagrams show the close evolutionary relationships between organisms.
As characteristics differ, branches in the diagram form.

23. Human Classification Domain: Eukarya Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Primates
Family: Hominidae
Genus: Homo
Species: Sapien

24. Dichotomous Keys 1a. Organism has 4 legs Go to # 2
1b. Organism has more than 4 legs Go to # 20
2a. Organism has a tail Go to # 3
2b. Organism has no tail Go to # 35
3a. Organism has stripes Bengal Tiger
3b. Organism has no stripes African Lion
Used to help identify unknown specimen
Work by asking yes or no questions whose answers lead the reader to the correct taxa for the organism

25. Dichotomous Key Try this one:
1a. Organism walks on all 4 legs (quadruped) 2
1b. Organism walks on 2 legs (biped) 8
2a. Organism has visible fur 3
2b. Organism has no visible fur
3a. Organism lives in warm climates 7
3b. Organism lives in cold climates 4
4a. Organism has brown or black fur Ursus americanus
4b. Organism has white fur Ursus maritimus