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Cell Organelles 7.12D Differentiate between structure and function in plant and animal cell organelles, including cell membrane, cell wall, nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondrion, chloroplast, and vacuole
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Cell Membrane Structure: Flexible Membrane with small holes, Surrounds cells (outside layer for animal cells, just inside cell wall for plants)
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Plant Cell Animal Cell
Cell Membrane Function: Controls what goes in and out of cell (transports material) & Holds in cytoplasm Analogy: It is like the bright orange flexible fencing around construction sites because it protects the work site while still allowing things to go through. Plant Cell Animal Cell
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Cytoplasm Structure: Gel-like fluid made mostly of water
The material inside the membrane
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Plant Cell Animal Cell
Cytoplasm Function: Holds organelles keeps cell flexible maintains shape of cell Analogy: It is like the water in a swimming pool because all the stuff that happens in the pool happens in the water. The water supports the swimmer like cytoplasm supports organelles Plant Cell Animal Cell
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Mitochondria Structure: Bean shape with many layers inside
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Plant Cell Animal Cell
Mitochondria Function: Transforms energy (from nutrients and Oxygen) for cells to use Analogy: Mitochondria act like a power plant because they both transform other materials to make energy. Plant Cell Animal Cell
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Nucleus Structure: Large and round, will usually be located towards the middle of the cell. Membrane bound (eukaryotic)
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Plant Cell Animal Cell
Nucleus Function: Contains genetic material (DNA), controls cellular activities Analogy: The nucleus is like the brain of a human because the brain controls the actions of the body like the nucleus controls the cell. Plant Cell Animal Cell
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Endoplasmic Reticulum
Structure: Flat, folded membrane, usually around the nucleus
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Endoplasmic Reticulum
Function: Makes proteins for the cell. Internal delivery system. Analogy: ER is like a factory that produces goods and ships what they have made.
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Golgi Body Structure: Stacked membranes
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Golgi Body Function: Packages and delivers materials made from ER. In plants, the Golgi made cell wall material. Analogy: Golgi bodies are like FedEx because they package and ship materials around and out of cell.
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Lysosome Structure: small and round, usually more found in animal cells. Can move within cells.
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Lysosome Function: Digestion of cellular waste. Recycles old cell material to make new molecules. Analogy: Lysosomes are like your digestive system because both can break apart larger materials to make new molecules.
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Vacuole Structure: small and round in animal cells, usually a single large bag-like structure in plants
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Plant Cell Animal Cell
Vacuole Function: stores water and nutrients, aids(helps) in cellular digestion. In plants it works with the cell wall for cell support (turgor pressure). Analogy: A canteen is like a vacuole because both are used to store water. Plant Cell Animal Cell
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Chloroplast Structure: green, bean shaped – found only in plant cells
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Plant Cell Animal Cell
Chloroplast Only in plant cells! Function: contains chlorophyll that makes photosynthesis possible Analogy: Kitchens are like chloroplast because both make “food” for organisms. Plant Cell Animal Cell
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Cell Wall Structure: rigid material that forms the outer layer of plant cells.
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Plant Cell Animal Cell
Cell Wall Only in plant cells! Function: gives plant cells support and protects cell’s interior. Analogy: Walls of a building are like a cell wall because both are used for support. Plant Cell Animal Cell
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So Which is Which and Why?
In your science journal write a few sentences about how you can identify different organelles and types of cells.
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Endoplasmic Reticulum
ANIMAL CELL Vacuole Mitochondria Cell Membrane Golgi body Cytoplasm Nucleus Ribosomes Lysosome Endoplasmic Reticulum
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Endoplasmic Reticulum
PLANT CELL Lysosome Endoplasmic Reticulum Chloroplast Mitochondria Golgi body Ribosomes Cytoplasm Nucleus Cell Wall Cell Membrane Vacuole
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