1. Protein Synthesis Video Tour (Function #2)

2. Function #2: DNA codes Protein Proteins are essential to life Made of amino acid building blocks (molecules) There are 20 different amino acids

3. Function #2: DNA codes Protein These 20 amino acids can be combined to make 100,00 different proteins in a human Est. >10 million Different proteins in all organisms

4. Proteins Vary!! The smallest human protein is insulin with 51 amino acids – Allows glucose to be absorbed The largest human protein is titin with 34,350 amino acids – Aids muscle contraction

5. Transcription: Creates mRNA Occurs in the nucleus Begins with DNA (sense strand) Ends with mRNA Requires: – DNA – mRNA nucleotides – assembly enzymes Animation: https://www.dnalc.org/resources/3d/12-transcription-basic.htmlhttps://www.dnalc.org/resources/3d/12-transcription-basic.html

6. Translation: Creates a polypeptide Occurs in the cytoplasm Begins with messenger RNA (mRNA) Ends with a polypeptide (almost a protein) Requires: – Ribosome – Transfer RNA (tRNA) – Amino acids – Assembly enzymes Animation: https://www.dnalc.org/resources/3d/15-translation-basic.htmlhttps://www.dnalc.org/resources/3d/15-translation-basic.html

8. Multiple Ribosomes per mRNA

9. Codons Determine Amino Acid Order mRNA codons = 3 bases “spell” one amino acid One START codon: AUG Three STOP codons: UUA, UAG, UAG

10. Codon Table Required to convert codons to amino acids Different formats

11. ??? How many mRNA bases does it take to code one insulin molecule?