1. Atomic Structure

2. Anything that has a mass and a volume Matter is made up of different kinds of atoms.

3. Copper atoms on silica surface. An _____ is the smallest particle of an element that has the chemical properties of the element.An _____ is the smallest particle of an element that has the chemical properties of the element. Distance across = 1.8 nanometer (1.8 x 10 -9 m)

4. Atoms are the smallest unit of matter that is still that kind of matter. They are too small to be seen without very powerful microscopes. Everything is made of atoms There are over 100 types of atoms. Examples: oxygen, carbon, nitrogen

5. Atoms have mass and take up space. Atoms are always in motion. The state of matter of a substance is determined by how much energy the atoms have…how much they’re moving.

6. The building blocks of Matter Consists of Protons (+), Electrons (-), and Neutrons (N). Consists of only one kind of atom, Cannot be broken down into a simpler type of matter by either physical or chemical means Can exist as either atoms or molecules. Images are from http://www.chem4kids.com

7. LecturePLUS Timberlake7 Elements Pure substances that cannot be separated into different substances by ordinary processes Are the building blocks of matter 112 elements known today Examples: carbon gold calcium Elements are made up of all of the same kind of atom

8. The Language of Chemistry CHEMICAL ELEMENTS -CHEMICAL ELEMENTS - –pure substances that cannot be decomposed by ordinary means to other substances. Sodium Bromine Aluminum

9. LecturePLUS Timberlake 9 Elements Pure substances that cannot be separated into different substances by ordinary processes Are the building blocks of matter 112 elements known today Examples: carbon gold calcium Elements are made up of all of the same kind of atom

10. Subatomic Particles Proton Electron Neutron

11. Protons have a positive charge (+) found in the nucleus have mass + + + +

12. Neutrons have no charge (o) found in nucleus have mass + + + o o o o

13. Electrons have a negative charge (-) whirl around nucleus have almost no mass + + + o o o o - - - -

14. Subatomic Particles Protons and electrons are the only particles that have a charge. Protons and neutrons have essentially the same mass. The mass of an electron is so small we ignore it.

15. http://www.eskom.co.za/nuclear_energy/fuel/fuel.html

16. See more diagrams at: http://www.bmb.psu.edu/courses/bisci004a/chem/basechem.htm http://www.bmb.psu.edu/courses/bisci004a/chem/basechem.htm

17. http://www.bmb.psu.edu/courses/bisci004a/chem/atoms.jpg

18. Draw a diagram showing the charges of each part of the atom.

19. ATOM COMPOSITION protons and neutrons in the nucleus.protons and neutrons in the nucleus. the number of electrons is equal to the number of protons.the number of electrons is equal to the number of protons. electrons in space around the nucleus.electrons in space around the nucleus. extremely small. One teaspoon of water has 3 times as many atoms as the Atlantic Ocean has teaspoons of water.extremely small. One teaspoon of water has 3 times as many atoms as the Atlantic Ocean has teaspoons of water. The atom is mostly empty space

20. ATOMIC COMPOSITION Protons (p + )Protons (p + ) –+ electrical charge –relative mass = 1.007 atomic mass units (amu) but we can round to 1 Electrons (e - )Electrons (e - ) – negative electrical charge –relative mass = 0.0005 amu but we can round to 0 Neutrons (n o )Neutrons (n o ) – no electrical charge –mass = 1.009 amu but we can round to 1

21. Atomic Number is the # of protons in nucleus of an atom it identifies the element found above the symbol on the periodic table H 1 Hydrogen 1.00

22. Atomic Mass tells the mass of the nucleus is the sum of the protons and neutrons found under the symbol on the periodic table 1 H Hydrogen 1.00

23. Electrons # of electrons = # of protons in an uncharged atom electron cloud- entire space that the electrons occupy

24. Finding # of Neutrons Subtract the atomic number from the rounded atomic mass

25. Isotopes Are atoms of the same element that have a different number of neutrons These are what cause the atomic mass to be an average

26. Atomic Number All atoms of the same element have the same number of protons in the nucleus 13 Al 26.981 Atomic number Chemical symbol AVERAGE Atomic Mass

27. Nucleus The nucleus is the center of an atom. Made of protons and neutrons. The nucleus contains the atom's mass.

28. Protons positively charged particles found in the nucleus. Have mass = 1.007 atomic mass units (amu) but we can round to 1Have mass = 1.007 atomic mass units (amu) but we can round to 1

29. Neutrons Uncharged particles Found in the nucleus. Mass = 1.009 amu but we can round to 1Mass = 1.009 amu but we can round to 1

30. Electrons Negatively charged particles Surround the atom's nucleus. Chemical reactions involve sharing or exchanging electrons. mass = 0.0005 amu but we can round to 0mass = 0.0005 amu but we can round to 0

31. Describe Isotope Atoms that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons

32. Describe Isotope Example: http://education.jlab.org/glossary/isotope.html

33. Isotopes Are atoms of the same element that have a different number of neutrons These are what cause the atomic mass to be an average

34. What is the Electron Cloud Model? Model of the atom pictures the electrons moving around the nucleus in a region called an electron cloud. The electron cloud is a cloud of varying density surrounding the nucleus. The varying density shows where an electron is more or less likely to be. Atoms with electrons in higher energy levels have additional electron clouds of different shapes that also show where those electrons are likely to be. For more information, click here: http://regentsprep.org/Regents/physics/phys05/catomodel/cloud.htm

35. What is the Electron Cloud Model? Diagram 1:

36. What is the Electron Cloud Model? Diagram 2:

37. Periodic Table C Carbon 12.011 6 Atomic number Element’s symbol Element’s name Atomic mass

38. Chemical Symbols abbreviations for elements 1 or 2 letters; 1st is capitalized and 2nd is lower case ex- Aluminum = Al not AL

39. Atomic Number is the # of protons in nucleus of an atom it identifies the element # of protons = # of electrons in uncharged atom H 1 Hydrogen 1.00

40. Atomic Number All atoms of the same element have the same number of protons in the nucleus 13 Al 26.981 Atomic number Atom symbol AVERAGE Atomic Mass

41. Atomic Mass tells the mass of the nucleus is the sum of the protons and neutrons found under the symbol on the periodic table 1 H Hydrogen 1.00

42. Atomic Mass C atom with 6 protons and 6 neutronsC atom with 6 protons and 6 neutrons = 12 atomic mass units= 12 atomic mass units Mass Number = # protons + # neutronsMass Number = # protons + # neutrons NOT on the periodic table…(it is the AVERAGE atomic mass on the table)NOT on the periodic table…(it is the AVERAGE atomic mass on the table) A boron atom can have 5 p + 5 n = 10 amuA boron atom can have 5 p + 5 n = 10 amu 10 5 B

43. Electrons # of electrons = # of protons in an uncharged atom electron cloud- entire space that the electrons occupy –1 st energy level is full with 2 –2 nd energy level is full with 8 –3 rd energy level is full at 8, but can hold up to 18 in all the sublevels

44. Finding # of Neutrons Subtract the atomic number from the rounded atomic mass