1. G ENETICS AND H EREDITY T AYLOR S CIENCE 2013-2014 Name: ____________________________ Block: _______

2. W HAT ' S THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN GENETICS AND HEREDITY ? The study of how genetic material is passed on or inherited. The passing of genetic material from parent to offspring. Genetics is …………… Heredity Heredity is ……….

3. G ENETIC M ATERIAL : Contains the genes that code for inherited traits Stored in the nucleus of an organisms cells Organized into chromosomes Carried by DNA 1.1. 2.2. 3.3. 4.4.

4. DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic acid It is a type of macromolecule (see pyramid), known as nucleic acid. Levels of Organization: smallest to largest What is DNA?

5. DNA C ONTINUED … Its shape is described as a spiral staircase, double helix, or twisted ladder The Backbone or “Handrail” of DNA is a sugar-phosphate bond. It provides support for the “steps” or base pairs. The base pairs or “Steps” are made up of four nitrogen bases; Adenine Thymine Cytosine Guanine “Steps” contain genes

6. W HAT THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN GENES AND DNA? Carries the trait from parent to offspring Expresses or codes for the trait. DNA Genes Gene

7. A LLELES : DIFFERENT FORMS OF A GENE A G ENE CONTAINS 2 ALLELES The trait that appeared the most. Can be dominant Can be recessive Ex. B, E The trait that appeared the least. This overshadowed when paired with dominant trait. Ex. b, e, Dominant Allele Recessive Allele

8. G ENOTYPE AND P HENOTYPE Combination of alleles an offspring get from its parents. Describes the physical appearance of an organism. Ex. Purple flower, white flower, green leaf, etc. Genotype Phenotype

9. FORMS OF G ENOTYPES Two matching alleles 2 dominant or 2 recessive alleles.. EE or ee Two different alleles One dominant allele and one recessive allele. Ee or Aa Homozygous Heterozygous

10. C HARACTERISTICS AND T RAITS A feature that has different forms. Ex. Hair color, eye color, skin tone, etc. Describes the feature of an organism. Red hair, blue eyes, brown skin, etc. Characteristic Trait Traits