1. Georges Danton – newly appointed minister of justice Georges Danton – newly appointed minister of justice –Powerful orator National Convention – 1792-1795 National Convention – 1792-1795 –Wrote first democratic convention –Universal male suffrage –Changed calendar and added metric system Death of a King Death of a King –Abolish the monarchy and establish a republic –Two factions over the fate of the king Girondists – keep the king alive Girondists – keep the king alive Mountain – condemn Louis XVI to death Mountain – condemn Louis XVI to death January 21, 1793 – the king was put to death January 21, 1793 – the king was put to death Dawn of a New Era

2. Commune favored radical change Commune favored radical change –Wanted to expand France Peasants in western France did not accept the authority of the National Convention Peasants in western France did not accept the authority of the National Convention –Many rebellions occurred Austria, Prussia, Spain, Portugal, Britain, and the Dutch Republic took up arms Austria, Prussia, Spain, Portugal, Britain, and the Dutch Republic took up arms –National Convention gave powers to the Committee of Public Safety Maximilien Robespierre Maximilien Robespierre Spreading the Revolution

3. National Convention and Committee of Public Safety set in motion the Reign of Terror National Convention and Committee of Public Safety set in motion the Reign of Terror 40,000 people were killed 40,000 people were killed –Marie Antoinette and Olympe de Gouges Peasants and anyone who had openly rebelled were killed Peasants and anyone who had openly rebelled were killed Revolutionary armies brought control back to the National Convention Revolutionary armies brought control back to the National Convention The Reign of Terror

4. New order created by the Committee of Public Safety New order created by the Committee of Public Safety –Republic of Virtue Spring 1793 – Committee was sending “representatives on mission” to implement laws Spring 1793 – Committee was sending “representatives on mission” to implement laws Women remained involved Women remained involved National Convention pursued a policy of de- Christianization National Convention pursued a policy of de- Christianization –Churches were to become “temples of reason” –Most people would not accept, as France was overwhelmingly Catholic The Reign of Terror

5. French revolutionary government had raised a huge army French revolutionary government had raised a huge army –Managed to push back the allies invading France End of Terror End of Terror –Summer of 1794 French defeated their foreign foes –Deputies of National Convention who feared Robespierre condemned him to death –Moderate middle-class leaders took control Reign of Terror

6. National Convention reduced the power of Committee of Public Safety National Convention reduced the power of Committee of Public Safety Constitution of 1795 Constitution of 1795 –Two chambers in national legislative assembly –Members chosen by electors Council of Elders (upper house) elected five to serve on The Directory Council of Elders (upper house) elected five to serve on The Directory –Period under The Directory was corrupt –Ended universal male suffrage The Directory

7. Directory faced with political enemies Directory faced with political enemies Could not find solutions to economic problems Could not find solutions to economic problems 1799 – coup d’etat toppled the Directory 1799 – coup d’etat toppled the Directory –Led by Napoleon Bonaparte The Directory