3. Learning Objectives  To understand the body’s response to acute stress. Success Criteria  Read pages 5-6 of your booklet and label the effects of acute stress on the gingerbread man.  Draw a flowchart showing the sympathomedullary pathway.  Challenge Criteria  Create a mobile for the classroom showing the effects of acute stress and the response of the sympathomedullary pathway.

4. Acute stress Autonomic Nervous System (which governs itself) Activates

5. Parasympathetic Nervous System Relaxation Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS) Fight or Flight

6.  Prepares for fight or flight by releasing noradrenaline  Noradrenaline causes changes in the body. Label the effects on your gingerbread man!

7. SWEAT GLANDS PRODUCE MORE SWEAT BRONCHIAL TUBES IN THE LUNGS DILATE FOR GREATER OXYGEN INTAKE INCREASED PUPIL SIZE ADRENAL MEDULLA RELEASES ADRENALINE GLYCOGEN IN THE LIVER IS CONVERTED TO GLUCOSE HEART RATE INCREASES

8.  When the SNS is activated the SAM also releases adrenaline preparing for fight or flight.  The SAM is regulated by the SNS and the adrenal medulla.  The adrenal medulla is located in the adrenal glands above the kidneys.  Neurons of the SNS travel to the adrenal medulla and it releases adrenaline.

9.  SNS + SAM = sympathomedullary pathway Adrenaline is released into the blood from adrenal medulla Noradrenaline is released from the adrenal medulla and activates the organs ready for fight or flight.

11.  Fireman SAM (get it??!!) has been called to a fire.  How is his body going to respond to this acute stressor?

12.  You are a passenger in a car that has suddenly slammed on its brakes to avoid hitting a dog. Your breathing quickens, your mouth is dry and you have a feeling of ‘butterflies’ in your stomach. But after a few minutes these physical changes start to disappear. Using your knowledge of the body’s response to stress, explain why you are likely to have experienced: a) the changes that occurred in the first 30 seconds; (2 MARKS) b) the changes that occurred after a few minutes. (2 MARKS)

13. (a) AO2 = 2 marks  Sympathetic-adrenal system is activated.  Hormones are released for the fight-flight response.  Digestive system “shuts down”. › For example, the pituitary-adrenal system is activated (1 mark). This causes several things to happen such as adrenaline released, which increases heart rate (elaboration for 2 nd mark). (b) AO2 = 2 marks  One mark for explanation and further mark for elaboration.  After a few minutes the parasympathetic NS will start to restore the body’s response. › For example, after a few minutes the parasympathetic branch of the ANS will start to work (1 mark). This will reduce the “flight or fight” response and bring the body back to normal (2 marks).