1. Forming A New Nation  What issues does the new nation face?

2. Americans Create A Republic  1781: thirteen states ratify the Articles of Confederation, creating a congress, where each state gets one vote  9 of 13 states had to agree to “national laws”  Individual states can create laws & collect tax

3. Problems w/ Articles of Confederation 1. Each state had equal Congressional rep regardless of pop. 2. No executive or judicial branch 3. Federal Govt lacks power Only Success?? Northwest Ordinance of 1787 set requirements for new states to be admitted to US

4. Shays’ Rebellion Massachusetts raises taxes, farmers protest tax increases Daniel Shays leads army against Massachusetts Govt Samuel Adams sends in militia to stop Shays VQ1: What was Shays’ initial mission & why? VQ2: Why was Fed. Gov unable to help Mass against Shays? VQ3:What did Shays’ want to happen in his rebellion? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hCBaTV_sKvM

5.  Shays’ Rebellion proves need for stronger Fed Gov  55 Delegates meet in Philadelphia and debate issues and whether to fix the Articles of Conf. or write a new constitution Constitutional Convention

6. Issue: Fair Voting in Congress  Problem: Congressional setup in Articles of Conf. is unfair 1) Virginia Plan: - James Madison 2) New Jersey Plan: - William Paterson 3) The Great Compromise  Representatives in Congress based on state’s population - Each state gets one rep. a. Two houses in Congress b. Senate: each state get two reps (NJ) c. House of Rep’s: reps based on state’s pop. (VA)

7. Issue: Slaves & Population 1. Problem: Southern States wanted to count slaves as population for representation. 2. Solution: Three-Fifths Compromise a. Each slave would count as 3/5 of a person

8. Issue: Federal Power vs. State Power  Constitutional Convention decides to write a new constitution, will be mostly drafted by James Madison  Issue: Who should have more power? State or Fed gov?  Resolution: Expanded power to Federal Govt: tax, regulate commerce, currency, federal laws  Resolution: State Govs can still make own laws but they cannot go against federal law or what is in new constitution