2. Europe

3. England By 1500 England had consolidated power and established hereditary succession By 1500 England had consolidated power and established hereditary succession The Magna Carta (1215) limited the king’s power and granted rights to the nobility The Magna Carta (1215) limited the king’s power and granted rights to the nobility While still feudalistic, England was beginning to engage in more trade and money as a form of wealth While still feudalistic, England was beginning to engage in more trade and money as a form of wealth

4. France By 1500 France had developed as an important European country By 1500 France had developed as an important European country Hereditary succession was well established Hereditary succession was well established A sense of French nationalism had developed after the Hundred Years’ War A sense of French nationalism had developed after the Hundred Years’ War

5. Spain Between 711 and 1492 Spain had been religiously diverse – home to Jews, Muslims, and Christians Between 711 and 1492 Spain had been religiously diverse – home to Jews, Muslims, and Christians By 1492 the Christian Reconquista was complete – expelling ALL Jews and Muslims By 1492 the Christian Reconquista was complete – expelling ALL Jews and Muslims Spain’s unity and nationalism developed out of Catholic religious zeal Spain’s unity and nationalism developed out of Catholic religious zeal Inquisition developed to try all non-Catholics Inquisition developed to try all non-Catholics

6. Russia By 1500 Russia had been conquered and ruled by the Mongols for a couple centuries By 1500 Russia had been conquered and ruled by the Mongols for a couple centuries Ivan the Terrible began to defy the weakening Mongols and eventually liberated Russia from Mongol rule Ivan the Terrible began to defy the weakening Mongols and eventually liberated Russia from Mongol rule IMPACT: Russia was behind western Europe in economic development and technology. IMPACT: Russia was behind western Europe in economic development and technology.

7. Asia

8. Ottoman Empire Ottoman Empire emerged from Central Asia Ottoman Empire emerged from Central Asia They had been slowly taking over the Byzantine Empire They had been slowly taking over the Byzantine Empire By 1500, the Ottomans had taken over Istanbul and were a major force in the world By 1500, the Ottomans had taken over Istanbul and were a major force in the world

9. Persia An ancient empire that was in decline by 1500 An ancient empire that was in decline by 1500 They were Muslim, rich in culture, and wealthy by trade They were Muslim, rich in culture, and wealthy by trade By 1500 they were taken over by the Safavid Empire By 1500 they were taken over by the Safavid Empire

10. China An ancient culture that had flourished in technology and trade An ancient culture that had flourished in technology and trade –Compass, paper, fireworks, silk… By 1500, they closed themselves off to most all foreign contact – including trade By 1500, they closed themselves off to most all foreign contact – including trade

11. Mughal India Muslim culture that invaded Hindu India Muslim culture that invaded Hindu India –Created religious tension that led to near constant conflict They dominated India for a couple centuries They dominated India for a couple centuries

12. Africa

13. Songhai Empire Muslim farmers took over trading kingdoms of West Africa Muslim farmers took over trading kingdoms of West Africa Waged constant war for more territory Waged constant war for more territory Fell by 1600 AD Fell by 1600 AD

14. The Americas

15. Incan Empire Located in the Andes Mountains of South America Located in the Andes Mountains of South America Excellent engineers Excellent engineers –Suspension bridges, stone structures, terraced farming… Conquered by Spain (Pizarro) in the 1500s Conquered by Spain (Pizarro) in the 1500s

16. Mayan Empire Ancient, polytheistic civilization located on the Yucatan Peninsula (modern day Mexico) Ancient, polytheistic civilization located on the Yucatan Peninsula (modern day Mexico) Famous for astronomy and pyramids… Famous for astronomy and pyramids… –Worshippers of the sun

17. Aztec Empire Highly civilized, polytheistic Indians located in modern day central Mexico Highly civilized, polytheistic Indians located in modern day central Mexico Warriors who built a very structured civilization around sun worship Warriors who built a very structured civilization around sun worship Many of their pyramids still exist Many of their pyramids still exist