1. The Central Dogma 12.3 HW tonight read 12.4 and review this stuff!

2. Here it is DNA is used to make RNA RNA is used to make a chain of amino acids DNA  RNA  Proteins

4. DNA vs. RNA DNA Deoxyribose Thymine (T) Double Stranded Helix RNA Ribose Uracil (U) Single Stranded How do we go from DNA  RNA  Proteins?

5. Transcription Transcription happens in the nucleus DNA template strand used to synthesize mRNA AGCCT DNA (template Strand) UCGGA mRNA

6. Translation mRNA brought to ribosomes – Ribosomes Made of rRNA and proteins tRNA uses RNA to match up a sequence of RNA nucleotides to 1 amino acid How many RNA nucleotides do we need to code for 1 amino acid?

8. Fun Stuff The genetic code is a degenerate  Each codon codes for one amino acid Code has 1 start and 3 stop signals Genetic code = triplet code The code is universal

9. 1. ) Which types of RNA are needed for translation? What is the role of each? 2.) Explain why having some codons code for the same amino acid is a very good thing What does a universal code suggest?