1. Thermometers Thermometers A device to measure temperatures Epan needs a thermometer to measure the meat temperature E. coli in meat can survive at least 160°F temperature US Dept. of Health & Human Services suggests: 145°F for roasts, steaks, and chops of beef, veal, and lamb; 160°F for pork, ground veal, and ground beef; 165°F for ground poultry; 180°F for whole poultry  To prevent foodborne illnesses

2. Types of Thermometers Liquid-in-glass Thermometers Bimetal Thermometers Resistance Thermometers Infrared Thermometers Gas Thermometers Liquid-crystal Thermometers SourceSource Source: http://www.howstuffworks.com/nature/climate-weather/meteorological-instruments/thermometer-info6.htm

4. Epan Thermometer Design Multiple heat sensors in Epan spikes Spikes attached to heat-conducting base (Teflon/Silicon/Rubber) Insulated wire connected to computer chip by a connector Digital display of temp gradient on Epan handle

5. Enlarged Individual Spike (Heat Sensor) Sensor Base Wire

6. Sources http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermometers http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meat_thermometer http://www.howstuffworks.com/gadgets/kitchen/digital- thermometer-pans.htmhttp://www.howstuffworks.com/gadgets/kitchen/digital- thermometer-pans.htm http://science.howstuffworks.com/nature/climate-weather /meteorological-instruments/thermometer-info6.htm http://curiosity.discovery.com/question/how-do- resistance-thermometers-work http://hk- phy.org/contextual/heat/tep/act_thermometers_e.htmlhttp://hk- phy.org/contextual/heat/tep/act_thermometers_e.html http://www.chino.co.jp/english/products/03_NR.htm