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SCIENCE SECTION II BY: EMILY TRAN
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BIODIVERSITY TYPES OF BIODIVERSITY Species diversity is one type of biodiversity Genetic diversity & Ecosystem diversity are the other types of diversitys CAUSES OF BIODIVERSITY Evolutionary Speed Hypothesis Geographic Area Hypothesis Interspecific Interactions Hypothesis Ambient Energy Hypothesis Productivity Hypothesis Intermediate disturbance Hypothesis
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INTERSPECIFIC INTERACTIONS NEGATIVE SPECIES INTERACTIONS Predation - occurs when one species (a predator) kills and eats another organism, it’s prey Herbivore - are animals that consume part of living plants Competition - when animals negatively impacts two or more species Parasite - consumes the tissue or robs the resources of the host organism Amensalism – association between organisms of two different species in which one is destroyed and the other is unaffected POSITIVE SPECIES INTERACTIONS Mutualism – association between members of two species in which both members benefit from the association Commensalism – relationship between two organisms of different species in which one organism benefits from the association and the other is neither benefitted nor harmed
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COMMUNITY ORGANIZATION & STRUCTURE FOOD WEBS Basal Species- is the one that does nit feed upon any other species but is eaten by other species Intermediate species- is both a food source for others as well as one that eats other organisms, such as herbivores. Top Predator - eats other species but is not a food source for any other species KEYSTONE SPECIES Keystone species largely determine ecosystems structure, and in their absence the ecosystem would dramatically change
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DISTURBANCES TYPES OF DISTURBANCES Fires and Floods ADAPTIONS TO DISTURBANCE Plants are either adapted to survival a disturbance event, or to quickly colonize after the disturbance has passed. Animals similarly can survive the disturbance regime of an are by utilizing one or more mechanisms. Many animals simply flee the disturbance area, by moving away from a burn area or upland from a flood zone.
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SUCCESSION ECOLOGICAL CLIMAX,STABILATY AND ALTERNATIVE STABLE STATES Climax –the endpoint of succession Stability- is the ability of and ecosystem to recover after a disturbance GAP DYNAMICS Gap Phase Dynamics – occur between larger disturbance events, allowing increased light to enter the ecosystem and serving to community
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