1. SCIENCE SECTION II BY: EMILY TRAN

2. BIODIVERSITY TYPES OF BIODIVERSITY  Species diversity is one type of biodiversity  Genetic diversity & Ecosystem diversity are the other types of diversitys CAUSES OF BIODIVERSITY  Evolutionary Speed Hypothesis  Geographic Area Hypothesis  Interspecific Interactions Hypothesis  Ambient Energy Hypothesis  Productivity Hypothesis  Intermediate disturbance Hypothesis

3. INTERSPECIFIC INTERACTIONS NEGATIVE SPECIES INTERACTIONS  Predation - occurs when one species (a predator) kills and eats another organism, it’s prey  Herbivore - are animals that consume part of living plants  Competition - when animals negatively impacts two or more species  Parasite - consumes the tissue or robs the resources of the host organism  Amensalism – association between organisms of two different species in which one is destroyed and the other is unaffected POSITIVE SPECIES INTERACTIONS  Mutualism – association between members of two species in which both members benefit from the association  Commensalism – relationship between two organisms of different species in which one organism benefits from the association and the other is neither benefitted nor harmed

4. COMMUNITY ORGANIZATION & STRUCTURE FOOD WEBS  Basal Species- is the one that does nit feed upon any other species but is eaten by other species  Intermediate species- is both a food source for others as well as one that eats other organisms, such as herbivores.  Top Predator - eats other species but is not a food source for any other species KEYSTONE SPECIES  Keystone species largely determine ecosystems structure, and in their absence the ecosystem would dramatically change

5. DISTURBANCES TYPES OF DISTURBANCES  Fires and Floods ADAPTIONS TO DISTURBANCE  Plants are either adapted to survival a disturbance event, or to quickly colonize after the disturbance has passed.  Animals similarly can survive the disturbance regime of an are by utilizing one or more mechanisms. Many animals simply flee the disturbance area, by moving away from a burn area or upland from a flood zone.

6. SUCCESSION ECOLOGICAL CLIMAX,STABILATY AND ALTERNATIVE STABLE STATES  Climax –the endpoint of succession  Stability- is the ability of and ecosystem to recover after a disturbance GAP DYNAMICS  Gap Phase Dynamics – occur between larger disturbance events, allowing increased light to enter the ecosystem and serving to community