1. ENLIGHTENMENT THINKERS CHAPTER 6, SECTION 2

2. THOMAS HOBBES MAIN IDEAS: SOCIAL CHAOS MEN ARE SELFISH AND COMPETITIVE A LIFE WITHOUT GOVERNMENT IS “SOLITARY, POOR, NASTY, BRUTISH, AND SHORT”- A SOCIAL CONTRACT WAS NEEDED TO COLLECTIVE SECURITY GIVE ALL POWER TO ABSOLUTE GOVERNMENT TO CONTROL EVIL BEHAVIOR

3. JOHN LOCKE MAIN IDEAS: MAN IS INHERENTLY GOOD (BLANK SLATE) SEPARATION OF CHURCH AND STATE 3 NATURAL RIGHTS: LIFE, LIBERTY, AND PROPERTY GOVERNMENT EXISTS TO PRESERVE NATURAL RIGHTS PEOPLE AGREE TO GIVE UP SOME OF THEIR RIGHTS FOR THE SAKE OF PRESERVING SOCIETY BUT HAVE THE RIGHT TO REBEL REPUBLIC IS THE BEST FORM OF GOVERNMENT

4. MONTESQUIEU MAIN IDEAS: GOVERNMENT MUST HAVE A SEPARATION OF POWERS (3 BRANCHES: EXECUTIVE, LEGISLATIVE, AND JUDICIAL) TO ENSURE FREEDOM AND LIBERTY CHECK AND BALANCES HUMANE PUNISHMENT AND PROPORTIONAL TO THE CRIME

5. ROUSSEAU MAIN IDEAS: ESTABLISHMENT OF GOVERNMENT IS A SOCIAL CONTRACT BETWEEN THE PEOPLE AND THE RULER(S) INVEST ALL RIGHTS INTO SOCIETY (“GENERAL WILL”) THE GOVERNMENT MUST PRESERVE “VIRTUE” AND “LIBERTY” OR THE PEOPLE WILL OVERTHROW IT

6. VOLTAIRE MAIN IDEAS: RELIGION AND CHURCH AUTHORITY ARE BAD UNIVERSAL NATURAL LAWS AND HUMAN RIGHTS EXIST FOR ALL EVIL IS DONE WHEN MAN STRAYS FROM NATURAL LAW WORST CRIMES IN SOCIETY ARE INJUSTICE AND BIGOTRY From: France Wrote: Candide Letters Concerning the English Nation Philosophical Dictionary