1. Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics

2. The Permian Ice Age Problem

3. Wegener’s Theory

4. Confirmation of Continental Drift
World War II technology
International Geophysical Year (IGY)
Worldwide Standardized Seismic Network 1963-

5. The Geomagnetic Reversal Time Scale

6. Discovery of Sea-Floor Spreading

7. Sea-Floor Spreading

8. Where Does Ocean Crust Go?
Hugo Benioff, 1954

9. Benioff’s Interpretation Updated

10. Worldwide Standardized Seismic Network

11. The Plate Tectonics Model

12. The Plate Tectonics Model

13. The Earth’s Plates

14. Global Plate Motions

15. What Drives It: Convection

16. How Plates Move

17. Reconstructing Plate Movements

18. Fit of Continents Across the Atlantic

19. Present Day Atlantic

20. Atlantic 65 m.y. ago

21. A Subduction Zone

22. Paleomagnetism

23. Why Mountains are High

24. Where the Plates Meet

25. Terrane Accretion

26. Terranes in Western North America

27. Hot Spots