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Published byEdwin Dorsey Modified over 8 years ago
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Genetics
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Outline DNA Structure Replication (not in detail) DNA and RNA Overview Transcription Overview Translation Some important details of transcription & translation Overview of DNA and Cell Division The cell cycle Human Somatic: Diploid Cells and mitosis Human Reproductive: Haploid Cells and meiosis Patterns of Inheritance Autosomal diseases Sex linked diseases Cancer and DNA Part 1 Part 2 Part 3 Part 4
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DNA structure G=Guanine C=Cytosine T=Thymine A=Adenine Humans have ~ 3.5 billion base pairs! “complementation”
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Another Example of: DNA Complementation
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RNA structure G=Guanine C=Cytosine U=Uracil A=Adenine
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DNA RNA http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/dna/ TO Transcription
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Overview: Transcription & Translation
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Some Important Details Of: Transcription exons versus introns
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There are different types of RNA Messenger RNA Transfer RNA Ribosomal RNA Various shapes=various functions
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Basic steps & players of translation mRNA rRNA tRNA Codon= mRNA triplet
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Proteins: modified and transported
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Part 2: The Human Somatic Cell 44 autosomes 2 sex chromosomes 23 pairs of human chromosomes Xy male Contains: 46 CHROMOSOMES or 23 pairs of chromosomes
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The Cell Cycle
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Mitosis: cellular division of somatic cells to give 2 diploid cells prophase metaphase anaphase telophase http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072437316/student_view0/chapter11/animations.html#
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Meiosis: cellular division of reproductive cells that results in haploid cells Sperm Ova Reproductive cells=gametes=germ cells Sperm Ovum or http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter28/animation__how_meiosis_works.html
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Haploid: 23 chromosomes Ovum being fertilized by sperm 22 autosomes + 1 sex chromosome Haploid + haploid = diploid 23 chromosomes
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Part 3. Pattern of Inheritance Autosomal traits Recessive Dominant Co-dominant Partial dominance Sex linked traits X linked Y linked
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Inheritance of traits: terms Autosomal traits Recessive Dominant Co-dominant Partial dominance Sex linked traits X linked Y linked Each gene normally has 2 alleles
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Inheritance of traits Blood types Eye color Hair color Autosomal co-dominant Autosomal
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Can be: Somatic mutations Or Germ Line mutations One of many possible causes
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Mutations can be recessive or dominant
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Genetic Diseases Huntington Disease Autosomal Dominant Autosomal Recessive
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hypercholesterolemia Color Blindness Autosomal dominant X-linked recessive
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Examples of Basic Genetic Problems Autosomal Recessive: Cystic Fibrosis Punnett Square C c C c CC CcCc CcCc cc
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Examples of Basic Genetic Problems Sex linked X linked trait of hemophilia
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Polygenic Disorders Down Syndrome
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Polygenic Disorders Klinefelter Syndrome
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Polygenic Disorders
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Part 4. Mutations and Cancer Uncontrolled cell growth
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Apotosis Apoptosis: programmed cell death Uncontrolled cell growth Uncontrolled Cell growth
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Risk Factors Viruses ? Aging Family History Exposure to carcinognes Lung Cancer
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Risk Factors Family History Unknown ? http://www.aafp.org/afp/990101ap/99.html
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Detection and Prevention Early Detection of mutations Prevention of exposure to carcinogens
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