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Genetics. Outline DNA Structure Replication (not in detail) DNA and RNA Overview Transcription Overview Translation Some important details of transcription.

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Presentation on theme: "Genetics. Outline DNA Structure Replication (not in detail) DNA and RNA Overview Transcription Overview Translation Some important details of transcription."— Presentation transcript:

1 Genetics

2 Outline DNA Structure Replication (not in detail) DNA and RNA Overview Transcription Overview Translation Some important details of transcription & translation Overview of DNA and Cell Division The cell cycle Human Somatic: Diploid Cells and mitosis Human Reproductive: Haploid Cells and meiosis Patterns of Inheritance Autosomal diseases Sex linked diseases Cancer and DNA Part 1 Part 2 Part 3 Part 4

3 DNA structure G=Guanine C=Cytosine T=Thymine A=Adenine Humans have ~ 3.5 billion base pairs! “complementation”

4 Another Example of: DNA Complementation

5

6 RNA structure G=Guanine C=Cytosine U=Uracil A=Adenine

7 DNA RNA http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/dna/ TO Transcription

8 Overview: Transcription & Translation

9 Some Important Details Of: Transcription exons versus introns

10 There are different types of RNA Messenger RNA Transfer RNA Ribosomal RNA Various shapes=various functions

11 Basic steps & players of translation mRNA rRNA tRNA Codon= mRNA triplet

12 Proteins: modified and transported

13 Part 2: The Human Somatic Cell 44 autosomes 2 sex chromosomes 23 pairs of human chromosomes Xy male Contains: 46 CHROMOSOMES or 23 pairs of chromosomes

14 The Cell Cycle

15 Mitosis: cellular division of somatic cells to give 2 diploid cells prophase metaphase anaphase telophase http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072437316/student_view0/chapter11/animations.html#

16 Meiosis: cellular division of reproductive cells that results in haploid cells  Sperm  Ova Reproductive cells=gametes=germ cells Sperm Ovum or http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter28/animation__how_meiosis_works.html

17 Haploid: 23 chromosomes Ovum being fertilized by sperm 22 autosomes + 1 sex chromosome Haploid + haploid = diploid 23 chromosomes

18 Part 3. Pattern of Inheritance Autosomal traits Recessive Dominant Co-dominant Partial dominance Sex linked traits X linked Y linked

19 Inheritance of traits: terms Autosomal traits Recessive Dominant Co-dominant Partial dominance Sex linked traits X linked Y linked Each gene normally has 2 alleles

20 Inheritance of traits Blood types Eye color Hair color Autosomal co-dominant Autosomal

21 Can be: Somatic mutations Or Germ Line mutations One of many possible causes

22 Mutations can be recessive or dominant

23 Genetic Diseases Huntington Disease Autosomal Dominant Autosomal Recessive

24 hypercholesterolemia Color Blindness Autosomal dominant X-linked recessive

25 Examples of Basic Genetic Problems Autosomal Recessive: Cystic Fibrosis Punnett Square C c C c CC CcCc CcCc cc

26 Examples of Basic Genetic Problems Sex linked X linked trait of hemophilia

27 Polygenic Disorders Down Syndrome

28 Polygenic Disorders Klinefelter Syndrome

29 Polygenic Disorders

30 Part 4. Mutations and Cancer Uncontrolled cell growth

31 Apotosis Apoptosis: programmed cell death Uncontrolled cell growth Uncontrolled Cell growth

32 Risk Factors Viruses ? Aging Family History Exposure to carcinognes Lung Cancer

33 Risk Factors Family History Unknown ? http://www.aafp.org/afp/990101ap/99.html

34 Detection and Prevention Early Detection of mutations Prevention of exposure to carcinogens

35


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