1. Homeland Security CJ355 Week 8 Police Tactical Preparation and Citizen’s Role in Homeland Security

2. Terrorism Defined PremeditatedThreatening innocent to create fear DeliberateIntimidation to gain a political or tactical advantage Systematic murderTo influence an audience Mayhem

3. The End Introductory Criminal Analysis Thomas E. Baker PRENTICE HALL ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.

4. Purpose of Terrorism  Seize political power  Affect public opinion and seize the media  Maintain internal discipline  Discredit and disrupt the government  Win new members  Project strength that far exceeds their numbers

5. Terrorist Goals  Discourage impending foreign investments or foreign government assistance programs  Influence elections

6. Terrorist Goals  Free prisoners  Satisfy vengeance  A series of goal-oriented attacks to wear down the local government and achieve their long-range goals

7. 5 Forms of Terrorism Ideological Criminal Revolutionary Nationalistic State-sponsored Criminal

8. Criminal Terrorism  Involves use of terror for profit or psychological gain Criminal

9. Ideological Terrorism  Normally an effort to change ruling political power  Some governments employ use of death squads.  Actions might appear to be part of a repressive government.  Actually extension of revolutionary terrorists

10. Nationalistic Terrorism  Different from ideological terrorism  Terrorist activity that supports interests of an ethnic or nationalistic group  Regardless of political ideology  Often align with either Western or Eastern ideologies

11. State - Sponsored Terrorism  Governmental regimes use or threaten to use violence in international relations outside established diplomatic protocol.  Represents a low-risk, low-budget method of conducting foreign policy

12. Revolutionary Terrorists  Persons whose guerrilla like tactics invokes fear in those holding political power as well as their supporters  Goal is to overthrow the current power base and replace it with political leaders who share the views of the terrorists.

13. Hardcore Leadership Command Active cadre Active supporters Passive supporters

14. Typical Smaller Terrorist Group Command element Intelligence section Support section Tactical units

15. Countering Terrorism  Anti-terrorism (proactive)  Planning and training  Counter-terrorism (reactive)  Response to an on- going terrorist incident (tactical stage)

16. NYPD Spies on American Muslims  Please check this out and let me know when you return.  My mic will be turned off.  http://www.youtube. com/watch?v=T4XY 1wlo8Zw http://www.youtube. com/watch?v=T4XY 1wlo8Zw

17. NYPD Spies on American Muslims  http://www.youtube. com/watch?v=ZGvv oEq_TaQ http://www.youtube. com/watch?v=ZGvv oEq_TaQ  I will be turning off my Mic  Remember to let me know once you have returned.

18. Terrorism Response Model AntiterrorismCounterterrorism Terrorism Collecting intelligence Analyzing vulnerabilities Preventative measures Planning for crisis management Responding to terrorist incident Crisis management

19. Anti-Terrorism Program Measures  Proactive phase  Preventative stage of countering terrorism  Basic crime prevention surveys  Target hardening procedures  Planning and training

20. CounterTerrorism Reactive tactical operations Gathering information Planning and trainingAnalysis On-going incidentReactive stage of countering terrorism

21. Threat Analysis  Criminal Information + Threat + Vulnerabilities = Threat Analysis

22. Threat Analysis  Analyze target vulnerability to terrorist threat  Uncover and isolate security weaknesses

23. Identify the Threat  Critical Phase of Counterterrorism Program  Gathering information on terrorist threat  Gathering intelligence on terrorist threat  Firm understanding of open-source information  Criminal information  Intelligence

24. Threat Analysis  Ability to think like a terrorist  Develop potential scenarios  Identify and counter threat  Consistent evaluation of threat  Use operations security (OPSEC)  Crime prevention and threat committees

25. Proactive Antiterrorism Dimensions Law enforcement patrol & reactive responses Operations security Personal security Personal security operations internal & external Crime prevention proactive responses, Problem-oriented policing

26. Operations Security  Objectives of operations security are to:  Avoid stereotyping operations  Understand techniques used by terrorists to collect intelligence

27. Operations Security (continued)  Integrate operations security aspects into physical and personnel security programs  Deny intelligence and information to the adversary  Develop essential elements of friendly information

28. Security Measures Desire + Opportunity = Crime

29. Crime Prevention  Crime Prevention:  Essential element of model  Three major security components  Operational  Personnel  Physical

30. Crime Prevention Measures Suggested in Model  Extensive  Unique characteristics of terrorist threat  Include special procedures for responding to:  Bombings  Bomb threat  Protecting high-risk targets  Facilities  Personnel