1. Thinking Mathematically Venn Diagrams and Subsets

2. Definition of a Universal Set A universal set, symbolized by U, is a set that contains all of the elements being considered in a given discussion or problem.

3. Definition of the Complement of a Set The complement of set A, symbolized by A ´, is the set of all elements in the universal set that are not in A. This idea can be expressed in set-builder notation as follows: A´ = {x | x  U and x  A }.

4. Definition of a Subset of a Set Set A is a subset of set B, expressed as A  B if every element in set A is also an element in set B.

5. Definition of a Proper Subset of a Set Set A is a proper subset of set B, expressed as A  B, if set A is a subset of set B and sets A and B are not equal ( A  B ).

6. The Empty Set as a Subset 1.For any set B,   B. 2.For any set B other than the empty set,   B.

7. Number of Subsets and Proper Subsets The number of subsets of any set is given by: 2 n The number of proper subsets of any set is given by: 2 n - 1