1. Nitrogen Chemistry in Titan’s Upper Atmosphere J. A. Kammer †, D. E. Shemansky ‡, X. Zhang †, and Y. L. Yung † † California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA ‡ Space Environment Technologies, Pasadena, CA DPS 44 th Meeting Reno, NV Oct. 17, 2012

2. J. A. Kammer et al.DPS 44 th Meeting, 2012Nitrogen Chemistry in Titan’s Upper Atmosphere Stellar and solar occultations in EUV and FUV using Cassini UVIS Probes region between 300 to 1500km

3. J. A. Kammer et al.DPS 44 th Meeting, 2012Nitrogen Chemistry in Titan’s Upper Atmosphere Stellar and solar occultations in EUV and FUV using Cassini UVIS Probes region between 300 to 1500km Everything starts at the top Photochemistry drives production of hydrocarbons, haze particles

4. J. A. Kammer et al.DPS 44 th Meeting, 2012Nitrogen Chemistry in Titan’s Upper Atmosphere Stellar and solar occultations in EUV and FUV using Cassini UVIS Probes region between 300 to 1500km Everything starts at the top Photochemistry drives production of hydrocarbons, haze particles Previous work (Koskinen et al., 2011) examined FUV lightcurves EUV complementary source of information – N 2 and CH 4

5. J. A. Kammer et al.DPS 44 th Meeting, 2012Nitrogen Chemistry in Titan’s Upper Atmosphere Stellar and solar occultations in EUV and FUV using Cassini UVIS Probes region between 300 to 1500km Everything starts at the top Photochemistry drives production of hydrocarbons, haze particles Previous work (Koskinen et al., 2011) examined FUV lightcurves EUV complementary source of information – N 2 and CH 4 Composition and temperature results from both solar and stellar observations

6. J. A. Kammer et al.DPS 44 th Meeting, 2012Nitrogen Chemistry in Titan’s Upper Atmosphere Choice of occultation data sets Pointing drift can be major issue

7. J. A. Kammer et al.DPS 44 th Meeting, 2012Nitrogen Chemistry in Titan’s Upper Atmosphere Choice of occultation data sets Pointing drift can be major issue

8. J. A. Kammer et al.DPS 44 th Meeting, 2012Nitrogen Chemistry in Titan’s Upper Atmosphere Choice of occultation data sets Pointing drift can be major issue

9. J. A. Kammer et al.DPS 44 th Meeting, 2012Nitrogen Chemistry in Titan’s Upper Atmosphere Choice of occultation data sets Pointing drift can be major issue

10. J. A. Kammer et al.DPS 44 th Meeting, 2012Nitrogen Chemistry in Titan’s Upper Atmosphere Choice of occultation data sets Pointing drift can be major issue

11. J. A. Kammer et al.DPS 44 th Meeting, 2012Nitrogen Chemistry in Titan’s Upper Atmosphere Choice of occultation data sets Pointing drift can be major issue

12. J. A. Kammer et al.DPS 44 th Meeting, 2012Nitrogen Chemistry in Titan’s Upper Atmosphere Choice of occultation data sets Pointing drift can be major issue Out of ~25 total observations made by UVIS, selected: Four stellar occultations during T21, T35, and T41 (ingress and egress) Two solar occultations (T10, T53)

13. J. A. Kammer et al.DPS 44 th Meeting, 2012Nitrogen Chemistry in Titan’s Upper Atmosphere Forward model of optical depth Cross sections for N 2 and CH 4 Windowed EUV region from about 900 to 1100 angstroms

14. J. A. Kammer et al.DPS 44 th Meeting, 2012Nitrogen Chemistry in Titan’s Upper Atmosphere Forward model of optical depth Cross sections for N 2 and CH 4 Windowed EUV region from about 900 to 1100 angstroms

15. J. A. Kammer et al.DPS 44 th Meeting, 2012Nitrogen Chemistry in Titan’s Upper Atmosphere Methodology Grid search of parameters Only 2 species in retrieval Can calculate χ 2 surface Marginalized posteriors

16. J. A. Kammer et al.DPS 44 th Meeting, 2012Nitrogen Chemistry in Titan’s Upper Atmosphere Methodology Grid search of parameters Only 2 species in retrieval Can calculate χ 2 surface Marginalized posteriors

17. J. A. Kammer et al.DPS 44 th Meeting, 2012Nitrogen Chemistry in Titan’s Upper Atmosphere

18. J. A. Kammer et al.DPS 44 th Meeting, 2012Nitrogen Chemistry in Titan’s Upper Atmosphere

19. J. A. Kammer et al.DPS 44 th Meeting, 2012Nitrogen Chemistry in Titan’s Upper Atmosphere

20. J. A. Kammer et al.DPS 44 th Meeting, 2012Nitrogen Chemistry in Titan’s Upper Atmosphere

21. J. A. Kammer et al.DPS 44 th Meeting, 2012Nitrogen Chemistry in Titan’s Upper Atmosphere

22. J. A. Kammer et al.DPS 44 th Meeting, 2012Nitrogen Chemistry in Titan’s Upper Atmosphere

23. J. A. Kammer et al.DPS 44 th Meeting, 2012Nitrogen Chemistry in Titan’s Upper Atmosphere Useful for comparison, but really want to measure densities Inverse Abel transform

24. J. A. Kammer et al.DPS 44 th Meeting, 2012Nitrogen Chemistry in Titan’s Upper Atmosphere Interpolated density profiles 1-σ error region Nitrogen profiles appear to vary Wave like structure?

25. J. A. Kammer et al.DPS 44 th Meeting, 2012Nitrogen Chemistry in Titan’s Upper Atmosphere “Mean” state of atmosphere How does this compare to INMS?

26. J. A. Kammer et al.DPS 44 th Meeting, 2012Nitrogen Chemistry in Titan’s Upper Atmosphere INMS data for T26, T32, and T41 Westlake et al., 2011

27. J. A. Kammer et al.DPS 44 th Meeting, 2012Nitrogen Chemistry in Titan’s Upper Atmosphere Effective temperatures from hydrostatic fits to geopotential height for N 2 Widely varying temperatures: T10: 184K – T21: 153K – T35: 218K T41: 136K – T41: 124K – T53: 160K

28. J. A. Kammer et al.DPS 44 th Meeting, 2012Nitrogen Chemistry in Titan’s Upper Atmosphere Summary EUV observations complementary to FUV hydrocarbon profiles Some difficulties due to pointing Simple process to convert lightcurves to abundances, then densities Comparison to INMS Effective temperatures from hydrostatic fits to geopotential height for N 2