1. Circulatory System

3. Major Parts Heart: muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body Veins: Carries oxygen-poor blood TO heart O 2 poor blood – valves to prevent backflow Artery: Carries oxygen-rich blood TO body O 2 rich blood – expand and contract - beat Capillaries: microscopic blood vessels only one-cell thick where exchange oxygen & waste

6. Pathway of Blood 1) Left Ventricle9) Pulmonary Vein 2) Aorta/artery10) Right Atrium 3) Capillary11) Left Ventricle 4) Vein 5) Right Atrium 6) Right Ventricle 7) Pulmonary Artery 8) Lungs

7. Blood Pressure Measure of the pressure exerted by the blood on the vessel walls Systole: heart contractions, highest pressure Diastole: heart relaxes, lowest pressure

8. Blood Pressure Normal blood pressure (healthy adult) Systole120 Diastole 80 Normal range for teens 100to 145 60 95

9. Circulatory Problems Hypertension: higher than average blood pressure Atherosclerosis: blocked arteries due to fat deposits, blood clots, and other materials

10. Cardiovascular Problems Many factors affect the rate of blood flow including: – Genetics – Lifestyle factors such as diet, exercise, stress, drugs, alcohol, obesity, sodium and sugar intake

11. Semester 2 Exam Review Use text pg. 957-960 to answer questions 3 – 8 on pg. 7-8 in the Exam Review Packet. #3 – pg. 957 #4 – pg. 958 #5, #6, #7 – pg. 959 #8 – Pg. 958-960

12. Notes from pg. 958-960 3 common circulatory system diseases a. heart disease b. stroke c. high blood pressure

13. Atherosclerosis Atherosclerosis: blocked arteries due to fat deposits, blood clots, and other materials

14. Hypertension Hypertension = High Blood Pressure Hypertension: higher than average blood pressure – this can lead to heart disease, hardened arteries, and kidney damage. What happens? Heart struggles to pump blood, and a tear shape forms in arteries which leads to atherosclerosis.

15. 3 Controllable Risk Factors Diet Exercise Weight Smoking Drinking Diabetes High Blood Pressure High Blood Cholesterol

16. 3 Uncontrollable Risk Factors Age Family History - Genes Gender

17. Cholesterol Organic compound (Lipid) that is used to maintain membrane fluidity. It is also used to synthesize hormones. Good cholestrol = HDL Bad cholestrol = LDL – blocks arteries