1. Evaluation of conservation hatchery rearing and release strategies for steelhead recovery in Hood Canal Barry Berejikian National Marine Fisheries Service ParticipantsOrganization Julie Scheurer National Marine Fisheries Service Don VanDoornik National Marine Fisheries Service David KuligowskiNational Marine Fisheries Service Joy Lee Long Live the Kings Kathy Hopper Long Live the Kings Rick Endicott Long Live the Kings Eric Volk Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife Thom Johnson Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife Chris Weller Point No Point Treaty Council

2. Study sites Dosewallips River Duckabush River Hamma Hamma River Dewatto River Olympic Peninsula

3. Objectives O 1. Determine the effects of a supplementation program on spawner abundance in the Hamma Hamma River - Compare the number of redds in supplemented and ‘control’ streams before and after. 2. Determine the effects of current velocity on breeding success of captively reared steelhead - Hamma Hamma River - Controlled stream channel.

4. Objective 1

5. Table. 1. Summary of redds identified, sampled, and embryos collected over the first five years of the project. Year Redds observed Number of redds sampled and proportion containing eggs Average number of eggs collected per redd and range (in parentheses) Proportion of eggs viable Total viable eggs collected 19981110 (.90)520 (8-1164)0.904,683 19991111 (.55)431 (77-619)0.962,588 20001212 (.75)189 (11-425)0.981,622 20015 5 (.80)368 (298-673) 1 0.861,271 2002161No collection 20038328 (.89)147 (11-306)0.964,105

6. Rearing and release strategies 1. Smolt rearing (age-2 release) under two conditions 2. Captive rearing at Lilliwaup Hatchery (age-4 release) Johns Cr. Pond (50%)Lilliwaup Hatchery (50%)

7. Release and return events Brood Year Smolt release (SRG) Adult Release (ARG) Return year Number of ARG ♀ Released 1998200020022002 (ARG + SRG)81 19992001--2003 (SRG)2 2000200220042004 (ARG + SRG)35 20012003--2005 (SRG)10 2002None--2006 (F 1 )0 20032005--2007 (F 1 + BY 03 SRG )0 -wild fish expected to return each year -assumes age-4 maturity, scale analyses are being conducted

8. Redd abundance in Hood Canal streams Pre-supplementation Post- supplementation Smolts released

9. EffectDfF-statEffect type Population3MSP/MSPSRandom Supplementation1MSS/MSEFixed Pop x Suppl2MSPS/MSEMixed Error33 H 01 : Abundance of adult steelhead (estimated from redd counts) in Hood Canal rivers is unaffected by supplementation Objective 1 H 01 can be tested with the above model by June 2006

10. length HV – 20 cm HV – 120 cm LV H 02 : Exercise has no effect on breeding success of captively-reared (ARG) steelhead

11. The frequency with which courting pairs of high velocity (HV), low velocity (LV) ARG and anadromous adults were observed in the Hamma Hamma River in 2002. HV ♂LV ♂AN ♂Totals HV♀2316 LV ♀45211 AN ♀0347 Totals611724

12. Eyed egg viability Population/ genderN Mean viability to eye (%) ARG ♀ 590.5 Wild ♀ 4493.2 1/ data from wild females collected between 1998-2003

13. Reproductive behavior and success measured under experimental conditions

14. Stream channel study objectives Determine effects of current velocity on reproductive behavior and adult-to-fry reproductive success (ANCOVA) Identify phenotypic characteristics (including behavior) that explain variation in adult-to-fry reproductive success (Stepwise Regression) Describe basic reproductive behavior of steelhead

15. Nocturnal spawning N = 173

16. Male reproductive behavior TreatmentChannel Dependent Variable High velocity Low Velocity A-side B-side Spawning frequency First-to-enter2.75 (6.82)6.83 (9.21)5.42 (10.49)4.17 (5.44) 2 nd /3 rd -to-enter0.42 (1.00)0.67 (1.07)0.83 (1.27)0.25 (0.62) Aggression To female8.75 (7.20)10.92 (8.59)10.75 (7.58)8.92 (8.30) To male31.08 (36.50)68.25 (80.08)68.92 (82.74)30.42 (29.03) Status Courting0.07 (0.10)0.14 (0.17)0.15 (0.18)0.06 (0.07)

17. TREATMENTCHANNEL Dependent VariableHigh VelocityLow VelocityA-sideB-side Nest Construction Nest Building0.01 (0.01) 0.02 (0.01)0.01( 0.01) Aggression To female1.92 (3.17)2.25 (1.96)2.33 (3.39)1.83 (1.53) To male5.42 (7.82)5.25 (6.70)6.33 (8.26)4.33 (5.97) Status Redd holding0.07 (0.09)0.06 (0.07)0.08 (0.10)0.05 (0.05) Courted by male(s)0.06 (0.07)0.05 (0.04)0.08 (0.07)0.03 (0.03) Spawning Duration Onset (days)18.25 (19.68)23.53 (16.28)22.28 (21.80)19.50 (13.72) Duration (days)3.94 (1.86)4.09 (2.00)3.39 (1.48)4.64 (2.10) Production Number of nests6.42 (2.39)7.92 (2.02)7.42 (2.81)6.92 (1.73) Eggs deposited0.984 (0.031)0.991 (0.14)0.977 (0.031)0.998 (0.003) Female reproductive behavior and egg deposition

18. Adult-to-fry reproductive success (DNA pedigree analysis) *All females and all but one male produced at least one fry (sampling rate = 6%) LV HV

19. Male size (covariate) effect on rs

20. Female size (covariate) effect on rs

21. Variables entered into stepwise regression procedure Males –Courting frequency –Peripheral male frequency –Aggression towards males –Aggression towards females Females –Maturation at age-3 –Aggression towards males –Aggression towards females –Spawn timing P < 0.001 Ns

22. Mate acquisition and RS

23. Conclusions The supplementation program is increasing redd abundance in Hamma Hamma River Captive reared steelhead released as pre-spawning adults appear to exhibit a high level of breeding success. Exercise had few detectable effects on reproductive performance and may have negatively influenced males Reproductive success of adult releases and genetic effects of the supplementation program will be evaluated over next few years.