1. ISTP 2003 September15-19, 20031 Airborne Measurement of Horizontal Wind and Moisture Transport Using Co-deployed Doppler and DIAL lidars Mike Hardesty, Alan Brewer, Brandi McCarty, Christoph Senff, Scott Sandberg, and Ann Weickmann NOAA/ETL and University of Colorado/CIRES Gerhard Ehret, Andreas Fix, Goraszd Poberaj, Martin Wirth, and Christoph Kiemle DLR/Lidar Group

2. ISTP 2003 September15-19, 20032 The International H 2 O Project (IHOP) Aimed at examining the effect of improved characterization of moisture fields on prediction of warm season convective precipitation over the central U.S. Major Components –Boundary layer characterization –Quantitative precipitation forecasting –Convective initiation –New measurement techniques Flotilla of instruments and platforms –6 aircraft, 4 airborne lidars, –multiple surface sites, mobile observing team Centered in Norman Oklahoma, May-June 2002

3. ISTP 2003 September15-19, 20033 ETL/DLR IHOP Research Goals Reconfigure the NOAA High Resolution Doppler Lidar (HRDL) for operation on the DLR Falcon Install the lidar in the Falcon along with the DLR Water Vapor DIAL system Obtain airborne measurements of horizontal and vertical wind and water vapor structure in the boundary layer during IHOP Combine DIAL/Doppler observations to measure water vapor vertical flux and horizontal transport profiles Combine Doppler/aerosol measurements to examine aerosol/vertical velocity correlations

4. ISTP 2003 September15-19, 20034 Challenges Limited room - The lidar was mounted in the aisle Limited time - 1 week to install the lidar Murphy’s Law –Seed laser failed two days before the ferry flight to the US –Aircraft tire/wheel problem caused several down days after lidar was fixed

5. ISTP 2003 September15-19, 20035 Vertical Wind Measurements Direct the lidar beam vertically through a nadir port in the Falcon Use the real-time estimate of the surface velocity to determine vertical pointing Adjust turning mirror to compensate for Falcon pitch angle Measure winds, water vapor and aerosol with 150 m vertical and horizontal resolution Subtract residual ground velocity from each measured atmospheric velocity Comparisons: King-Air and surface flux measurements

6. ISTP 2003 September15-19, 20036 Vertical velocities

7. ISTP 2003 September15-19, 20037 Mean Velocity Profile

8. ISTP 2003 September15-19, 20038 Vertical Velocity Spectra 1350 m ASL 1650 m ASL 2850 m ASL

9. ISTP 2003 September15-19, 20039 Vertical Velocity Variance

10. ISTP 2003 September15-19, 200310 Repeat over same track

11. ISTP 2003 September15-19, 200311 Lidar/King Air Comparison 6/7 Lidar King Air

12. ISTP 2003 September15-19, 200312 Measurement Technique (horizontal winds) Installed a wedge scanner to direct the lidar beam 20 degrees off-nadir Fixed the beam azimuth direction at 90 degrees relative to the aircraft Adjusted azimuth to compensate for aircraft yaw using real time ground hits Measure winds, water vapor and aerosol with 150 m vertical and horizontal resolution (processed to 1.5 km resolution) Subtract residual ground velocity from each measured atmospheric velocity Fly box patterns to measure moisture convergence Comparisons: Dropsondes

13. ISTP 2003 September15-19, 200313 Horizontal Winds: 9 June Forecast showed low level jet Flight track to measure jet

14. ISTP 2003 September15-19, 200314 Lidar/Dropsonde Comparisons

15. ISTP 2003 September15-19, 200315 Northern leg wind and water vapor

16. ISTP 2003 September15-19, 200316 Lidar and dropsonde flux comparison DIAL/Doppler lidar Dropsonde

17. ISTP 2003 September15-19, 200317 HRDL data Summary Observations for 8 flights: –31 May, 2 June, 3 June (2 flights), 6 June, 7 June, 9 June, 14 June. Total data available: 21 hours, 26 minutes High quality data: 14 hours, 30 minutes Focusing on five flight segments for intense analysis –Vertical fluxes: June 6, June 7 –Low level moisture transport: June 3, June 9 These data have been processed and quality checked

18. ISTP 2003 September15-19, 200318 Future : HRDL repackaging P3 Fuel Pod

19. ISTP 2003 September15-19, 200319 Summary Demonstrated the capability to make high precision measurements of boundary layer horizontal and vertical velocities using co-deployed DIAL and Doppler lidars Computed vertical fluxes using eddy correlation Computed horizontal wind component and single component moisture transport Ongoing steps –Validate turbulence and flux measurements using King Air in situ measurements –Compare lidar and dropsonde transport measurements –Examine backscatter weighting of vertical velocity measurements (effect on a spacebased wind system) Acknowledge support of USWRP and NPOESS/IPO for this research

20. ISTP 2003 September15-19, 200320

21. ISTP 2003 September15-19, 200321

22. ISTP 2003 September15-19, 200322 NOAA-HRDL  x = 150 m  y = 150 m DLR-DIAL  x = 200 m  y = 150 m Combined Wind and Water Vapour Measurements Spatial Averaging:

23. ISTP 2003 September15-19, 200323 High Spatial Resolution Water Vapour and Vertical Wind Speed

24. ISTP 2003 September15-19, 200324 Preliminary Flux Profile First Measurement of Latent Heat Flux Profile by co-located airborne water vapour DIAL and Doppler wind lidars H 2 O-DIAL Power Spectrum Flux Profile from Eddy-Correlation (NOAA, DLR)