2. American System: –Henry Clay’s plan To make economy self- sufficientTo make economy self- sufficient 1.) Tariff1.) Tariff –Protect American business from foreign competition 2.) National bank2.) National bank a single national currency –Promote a single national currency (Most regional banks issued their own $)(Most regional banks issued their own $) 3.) Internal improvements3.) Internal improvements –Government funded projects –Transportation

3. 1806 – Congress (supported by John C. Calhoun) funded a road from Cumberland, MD to Wheeling,VA Created a National Road which became the country’s main east-west route, extended to Vandalia, IL Age of Canals 1825 – 1850 often referred to as the Age of Canals Erie Canal - water route from NYC to Buffalo, NY in 1825 Erie Canal - created a water route from NYC to Buffalo, NY in 1825 Connected the Ohio Valley & Great Lakes region to settlement and trade Allowed farmers in these regions to flow east & people/manufactured goods to go west By 1830, N.Y.C. had a population of over 200,000

4. Development began in the 1830’s 3,000 miles of railroad in 1840 31,000 miles of railroad by 1860 31,000 miles of railroad by 1860 important role in industrialization & urbanization Played an important role in industrialization & urbanization Top Urban Places: 1830 1 New York city, NY.....202, 589 2 Baltimore city, MD..... 80,620 3 Philadelphia city, PA. 80,462 4 Boston city, MA....... 61,392 5 New Orleans city, LA.. 46,082 6 Charleston city, SC.... 30,289 8 Cincinnati city, OH.... 24,831 9 Albany city, NY........ 24,209 11 Washington city, DC...18,826 12 Providence town, RI... 16,833 13 Richmond city, VA...... 16,060 17 Pittsburgh city, PA... 12,568 18 Brooklyn town, NY.....12,406 22 Louisville city, KY.. 10,341 27 Buffalo town, NY.... 8,668 37 Savannah city, GA.... 7,303 43 Lowell town, MA...... 6,474 46 Cambridge town, MA... 6,072 (Suburb of Boston) 48 Lexington town, KY... 6,026 50 Nashville city, TN... 5,566 57 St. Louis city, MO... 4,977 Top Urban Places: 1930 1 New York city, NY...... 6,930,446 2 Chicago city, IL......... 3,376,438 3 Philadelphia city, PA.... 1,950,961 4 Detroit city, MI......... 1,568,662 5 Los Angeles city, CA..... 1,238,048 6 Cleveland city, OH....... 900,429 7 St. Louis city, MO....... 821,960 8 Baltimore city, MD....... 804,874 9 Boston city, MA.......... 781,188 10 Pittsburgh city, PA...... 669,817 11 San Francisco city, CA... 34,394 12 Milwaukee city, WI....... 578,249 13 Buffalo city, NY......... 573,076 14 Washington city, DC...... 486,869 15 Minneapolis city, MN..... 464,356 16 New Orleans city, LA..... 458,762 17 Cincinnati city, OH...... 451,160 18 Newark city, NJ.......... 442,337 19 Kansas City city, MO..... 399,746 20 Seattle city, WA......... 365,583 21 Indianapolis city, IN.... 364,161 22 Rochester city, NY....... 328,132 23 Jersey City city, NJ..... 316,715 24 Louisville city, KY...... 307,745 25 Portland city, OR........ 301,815

7. Federalists almost non- existentFederalists almost non- existent due to the Hartford Convention James Monroe winsJames Monroe wins Election of 1816 Monroe toured the country –Not done since George Washington –His visits were celebrated Political differences fadePolitical differences fade –Nationalism spreads trust in the federal gov’t –More trust in the federal gov’t

8. Supreme Court & Chief Justice, John Marshall, ruled in favor of McCulloch & Gibbons Court’s Opinion:  Strengthened national government  Federal law is supreme  Federal law is the supreme law  National bank is constitutional Congress regulates interstate commerce  Only Congress regulates interstate commerce Court’s Opinion:  Strengthened national government  Federal law is supreme  Federal law is the supreme law  National bank is constitutional Congress regulates interstate commerce  Only Congress regulates interstate commerce Landmark court cases

11. Rise of Sectionalism loyal to regionsPeople become loyal to regions Fought over national policiesFought over different national policies where they lived –Based on where they lived Issues fought over:Issues fought over: –Slavery –Protective Tariffs –National Bank –Internal improvements

12. Secretary of State John Quincy Adams successfully negotiated terms Andrew Jackson invaded FL to stop Seminole raids Andrew Jackson invaded FL to stop Seminole raids in American territory Jackson seized Spanish forts & created international issues Stopped war -- gave U.S. all of Florida & set boundary of TX

13. Missouri admitted as a state in 1820 –South wanted a slave state –North wanted a free state Henry ClayCompromise: Henry Clay –Missouri as a slave state –Missouri admitted as a slave state –Maine free state –Maine (part of Mass.) admitted as a free state –Slavery banned north of the 36°30’ N parallel –Slavery banned in Louisiana Territory north of the 36°30’ N parallel –Kept slave/free balance in the Senate

15. Convention of 1818 allowed for settlement of Oregon Convention of 1818 agreement with Britain that allowed for settlement of Oregon Spain had revolutions all over North & South America – Mexican Revolution – European countries aided Spain Monroe worried about future European colonies in North America Monroe worried about future European colonies in North America Monroe Doctrine : isolation & neutrality Monroe Doctrine : Foreign policy of isolation & neutrality – U.S. would not interfere w/ European colonies – Opposed any new colonies – Europe may not colonize in Americas

16. WCM In Your Group: letter – Write a letter to your brother who was impressed by the British before the War of 1812 life in America post War –Explain life in America post War Industrial Revolution, Nationalism, Sectionalism Use historical dates, facts, people, & information Author Menu: Business OwnerBusiness Owner Factory WorkerFactory Worker Plantation OwnerPlantation Owner Poor SouthernerPoor Southerner Western PioneerWestern Pioneer