1. PROKARYOTES

2. Cell Theory 1. Every living organism consists of one or more cells. 2. The cell is the structural and functional unit of life. 3. All living cells arise by division of preexisting cells. 4. Cells contain hereditary material, which they pass on to their offspring during division.

7. Earliest signs of life date back 3.5 billion years ago BACTERIA EUKARYOTES ARCHAEA PROKARYOTES

9. Plasma Membrane: Selectively permeable membrane; phospholipid bilayer with membrane proteins Cytosol: Fluid-like inside of a cell; cystoplasm DNA: Genetic code Ribosomes: Organelles that assemble proteins using DNA instructions

10. Cell Wall: Durable layer; dissolved substances can pass through - Archaea: cell wall = proteins - Bacteria: cell wall = proteins and polysaccharides Capsule: Sticky polysaccharide slime layer Biofilm: communal slime Plasmid DNA: Circular strands of DNA

11. Flagella (flagellum): Elongated structures used for locomotion Pili (pilus): Helps cells cling to and move across surfaces Sex pilus: attaches to other bacteria to transfer plasmid DNA

12. + pGLO- pGLO plasmid pGLO DNA LB nutrient broth

13. + pGLO - pGLO +pGLO LB/amp +pGLO LB/amp/ara -pGLO LB/amp -pGLO LB LB: nutrient broth; food for bacteria amp: ampicillin; antibiotic ara: arabinose; gene regulator; turns on plasmid DNA

14. + pGLO - pGLO +pGLO LB/amp +pGLO LB/amp/ara -pGLO LB/amp -pGLO LB