1. Bell Work  What is a unitary system?  What is a confederal system?  What is a federal system?  What two examples of confederations are found in United States history?

2. The Formation of Government Chapter 1 Section 2

3. Objectives:  Similarities and differences between unitary and federal systems  The main purposes of a constitution

4. Government Systems  Unitary system – All key powers to the national government  Not only 1 level  Create state, provincial or local governments With limited sovereignty Great Britain, Italy and France

5. Government Systems  Federal system – Divides powers of government between national, state, and local levels Some sovereignty in all levels Canada, Switzerland, US

6. Government Systems  U.S. Federal System  Began as a confederation Failed to provide a national government  Constitution made national government supreme power Gave some powers to states

7. Constitutions and Government  Rules for government Major Purposes: Shared ideals/beliefs Basic structure of government; sets powers and duties Supreme law for the country

8. Constitutions and Government  Written or unwritten  U.S. is oldest Other examples: France, Kenya, India, Italy, Switzerland  Great Britain’s is unwritten Based on hundreds of years of legislative acts, court decisions and customs

9. Constitutions and Government  Constitutional Government i.e. limited government  P.R. of China has a constitution, but few limits on the government

10. Constitutions and Government  Preamble – Sets the goals and purposes to be served by the government  Constitutional law Interpretation of the constitution (courts) Limited government and rights of citizens

11. Politics and Government  Politics – Control a/o influence conduct and policies of government Examples: protest movements; town hall meetings; political rallies

12. Governing in a Complex World  Industrialized Nations Higher living standards; advanced industry; better health/living  Developing Nations Average income lower than bottom ½ of industrialized nations; poverty, political tension, disease/famine Many states of Africa, SE Asia  Newly industrialized nations – Between industrialized and developing Mexico, South Korea, Kenya

13. Objectives Revisited:  Similarities and differences between unitary and federal systems  The main purposes of a constitution