2.  Ease the managing task  Guide for problem solving & decision making  Advance in carrier. Realise opportunities and meet personal and company goals.  In Business: used in all functional areas.  CBIS important for type of job.

3.  Five parts  Hardware  Software  Database  Telecommunications  Networks

4.  Database  An organized collection of facts and information  A collection of information organized in such a way that a computer program can quickly select desired pieces of data

5. A database is a collection of information organized in such a way that a computer program can quickly select desired pieces of data. You can think of a database as an electronic filing system. Traditional databases are organized by fields, records, and files. A field is a single piece of information; a record is one complete set of fields; and a file is a collection of records. For example, a telephone book is analogous to a file. It contains a list of records, each of which consists of three fields: name, address, and telephone number.

6. An alternative concept in database design is known as Hypertext. In a Hypertext database, any object, whether it be a piece of text, a picture, or a film, can be linked to any other object. Hypertext databases are particularly useful for organizing large amounts of disparate information, but they are not designed for numerical analysis. To access information from a database, you need a database management system (DBMS). This is a collection of programs that enables you to enter, organize, and select data in a database.

8.  Five parts  Hardware  Software  Database  Telecommunications  Networks

9.  Telecommunications  The electronic transmission of signals for communications; enables organizations to link computer systems into effective networks  Refers to all types of data transmission, from voice to video

10.  Five parts  Hardware  Software  Database  Telecommunications  Networks

11.  Network  Used to connect computers and computer equipment in a building, around the country, across the world, to enable electronic communications  A group of two or more computer systems linked together

12. There are many types of computer networks, including: local-area networks (LANs) : The computers are geographically close together (that is, in the same building). wide-area networks (WANs) : The computers are farther apart and are connected by telephone lines or radio waves.

13. In addition to these types, the following characteristics are also used to categorize different types of networks: topology : The geometric arrangement of a computer system. Common topologies include a bus, star, and ring. protocol : The protocol defines a common set of rules and signals that computers on the network use to communicate. One of the most popular protocols for LANs is called Ethernet. Another popular LAN protocol for PCs is the IBM token-ring network. architecture : Networks can be broadly classified as using either a peer-to-peer or client/server architecture.

14. Computers on a network are sometimes called nodes. Computers and devices that allocate resources for a network are called servers.

16.  Internet  The world’s largest telecommunications network  A network of networks  Free exchange of information  A global network connecting millions of computers.  Intranet  A network that uses Internet technology within an organization  A network belonging to an organization

17.  People  The most important element in most computer- based information systems  Includes people who manage, run, program, and maintain the system  E.g., IT professionals (you!)  Procedures  Includes the strategies, policies, methods, and rules for using the CBIS

18.  Types  Transaction processing systems  E-commerce systems  Management information systems  Decision support systems  Expert systems

19.  Transaction  Any business-related exchange  E.g., generating a weekly payroll  Transaction processing system (TPS)  An organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices used to record completed for for business related exchanges

20. Hours worked Pay rate Payroll transaction processing Payroll checks

21.  Types  Transaction processing systems  E-commerce systems  Management information systems  Decision support systems  Expert systems

22.  E-commerce  Involves any business transaction executed electronically  Conducting business on-line  For example, between… ▪ Companies ▪ Companies and consumers ▪ Business and the public sector ▪ Consumers and the public sector  Example for placing a purchase order

25.  Types  Transaction processing systems  E-commerce systems  Management information systems  Decision support systems  Expert systems

26.  An MIS is…  An organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices used to routine information to managers and decision makers

27. Common databases Marketing management information system Financial management Information system Manufacturing management Information system Order management information system TPS

28. MIS is short for management information system or management information services, and pronounced as separate letters MIS refers to a class of software that provides managers with tools for organizing and evaluating their department. Typically, MIS systems are written in COBOL and run on mainframes or minicomputers. Within companies and large organizations, the department responsible for computer systems is sometimes called the MIS department. Other names for MIS include IS (Information Services) and IT (Information Technology).

29.  Types  Transaction processing systems  E-commerce systems  Management information systems  Decision support systems  Expert systems

30.  A DSS is…  An organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices used to support problem-specific decision making  A DSS helps a manger “do the right thing”

31.  Types  Transaction processing systems  E-commerce systems  Management information systems  Decision support systems  Expert systems

32.  An expert system is…  A computer application that performs a task that would otherwise be performed by a human expert  gives the computer the ability to make suggestions and to act like an expert in a particular field  Examples: diagnose human illnesses, make financial forecasts, schedule routes for delivery vehicles  Expert systems typically include “artificial intelligence” (next slide)

33.  AI is…  A branch of computer science concerned with making computers behave like humans  Term was coined in 1956 by John McCarthy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology  Draws from many areas, including cognitive psychology

34. Artificial intelligence includes games playing: programming computers to play games such as chess and checkers expert systems : programming computers to make decisions in real-life situations (for example, some expert systems help doctors diagnose diseases based on symptoms) natural language : programming computers to understand natural human languages neural networks : Systems that simulate intelligence by attempting to reproduce the types of physical connections that occur in animal brains robotics : programming computers to see and hear and react to other sensory stimuli

35.  Attempted to replace humans in decision making  However did not take into account  How humans actually reason  Human information needs (doctors do not want their decision making replaced, but rather want it supported)

36.  Systems development  The activity of creating or modifying an existing business system  Systems investigation and analysis  Defines the problems and opportunities of an existing system  Systems design  Determine how a new system will work to meet business needs

37.  Systems implementation  Creating and acquiring system components defined in the design  Systems maintenance and review  Checks a modifies the system so that it continues to meet changing business needs