1. CHAPTER 7 Guess the President Born three months after his father died in a traffic accident. As a delegate to Boys Nation while in high school, he met President John Kennedy in the White House He excelled as a student and as a saxophone player Won a Rhodes Scholarship to Oxford University Received a law degree from Yale University

2. CHAPTER 7 Guess the President Won the governorship in 1978 He was the first Democratic president since Franklin D. Roosevelt to win a second term Defeated incumbent George Bush and third party candidate Ross Perot in the 1992 presidential race Was the second U.S. president to be impeached by the House of Representatives. ************************************** Born: August 19, 1946 -

3. CHAPTER 7 William J. Clinton 1993-2001

4. CHAPTER 7 Nominating and Selecting Candidates

5. Self-Announcement – A person who wants to run for office announces their candidacy. Whenever a write- in candidate appears on the ballot, the self-announcement process has been used. The Caucus – Originally a private meeting of local bigwigs, the caucus as a nominating device fell out of favor in the 1820s. Three Ways to Nominate

6. CHAPTER 7 The Convention – Considered more democratic than the caucus, convention delegates were selected to represent the people’s wishes. Party bosses soon found ways to manipulate the system, however, and the convention system was on its way out by the early 1900s. Three Ways to Nominate

7. CHAPTER 7 Types of Direct Primaries Direct Primaries Closed Primary - Only declared party members can vote. Open Primary - Any qualified voter can take part. Nonpartisan Primary - Candidates are not identified by party labels

8. CHAPTER 7 Direct Primaries Runoff Primary - If a required majority is not met, the two people with the most votes run again Blanket Primary - Qualified voters can vote for any candidate, regardless of party

9. Types of primaries in State Elections, 2000 Primaries Across the United States

10. CHAPTER 7 Candidates must gather a required number of voters’ signatures to get on the ballot by means of petition. Minor party and independent candidates are usually required by State law to be nominated by petition. Petition

11. CHAPTER 7 Petition is often used at the local level to nominate for school posts and municipal offices. Petition

12. CHAPTER 7 Elections are primarily regulated by State law, but there are some overreaching federal regulations. Congress Congress has the power to set the time, place, and manner of congressional and presidential elections. The Administration of Elections

13. CHAPTER 7 Congress has chosen the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November of every even-numbered year for congressional elections, with the presidential election being held the same day every fourth year. The Administration of Elections

15. Guess the President Born in Virginia on April 28, 1758 Virginia governor Captured Florida from Spain Received every electoral college vote except one in 1820 election The first president to ride in a steamboat Inauguration was the first held outdoors— because of a dispute over seating in Congress Signed the Missouri Compromise Signed the Monroe Doctrine Died on the 55 th anniversary of the Declaration of Independence

16. CHAPTER 7 James Monroe 1817-1825

17. CHAPTER 7 States States determine the details of the election of thousands of State and local officials. Most States provide for absentee voting, for voters who are unable to get to their regular polling places on election day. Some States within the last few years have started to allow voting a few days before election day to increase voter participation. The Administration of Elections

18. CHAPTER 7 Precincts A precinct is a voting district. Precincts are the smallest geographic units used to carry out elections. A precinct election board supervises the voting process in each precinct. Precincts & Polling Places

19. CHAPTER 7 Polling Places A polling place is where the voters who live in a precinct go to vote. It is located in or near each precinct. Polling places are supposed to be located conveniently for voters. Precincts & Polling Places

20. CHAPTER 7 History of the Ballot Voting was initially done orally. It was considered “manly” to speak out your vote without fear of reprisal. Paper ballots began to be used in the mid-1800s. At first, people provided their own ballots. Then, political machines began to take advantage of the flexibility of the process to intimidate, buy, or manufacture votes. In the late 1800s, ballot reforms cleaned up ballot fraud by supplying standardized, accurate ballots and mandating that voting be secret. Casting the Ballot

21. CHAPTER 7 Office-Group and Party-Column Ballots

22. CHAPTER 7

24. Electronic vote counting has been in use since the 1960s. Punch-card ballots are often used to cast votes. Vote-by-mail elections have come into use in recent years. Online voting is a trend that may be encountered in the near future. Voting Machines and Innovations

25. CHAPTER 7 Campaign Spending

26. CHAPTER 7 Private and Public Sources of Campaign Money Sources of Funding Small contributors Wealthy supporters Candidates Temporary fund-raising organizations Nonparty groups such as PACs Government subsidies

27. CHAPTER 7 Early campaign regulations were created in 1907, but feebly enforced. The Federal Election Campaign Act (FECA) of 1971 was passed to replaced the former, ineffective legislation. The FECA Amendments of 1974 were passed in response to the Watergate scandal. Regulating Campaign Financing

28. CHAPTER 7 Buckley v. Valeo invalidated some of the measures in the FECA Amendments of 1974. Most significantly, it also stipulated that several of the limits that the 1974 amendments placed on spending only apply to candidates who accept campaign money from the government, not those who raise money independently. The FECA Amendments of 1976 were passed in response to Buckley v. Valeo. Regulating Campaign Financing

29. CHAPTER 7 The Federal Election Commission (FEC) enforces: the timely disclosure of campaign finance information limits on campaign contributions limits on campaign expenditures provisions for public funding of presidential campaigns The Federal Election Commission

30. CHAPTER 7 “More loophole than law…” — Lyndon Johnson Soft money—money given to State and local party organizations for “party-building activities” that is filtered to presidential or congressional campaigns. $500 million was given to campaigns in this way in 2000. Example: $10,000 spent by the political party on issue ads. Loopholes in the Law

31. CHAPTER 7 Independent campaign spending—a person unrelated and unconnected to a candidate or party can spend as much money as they want to benefit or work against candidates. Issue ads—take a stand on certain issues in order to criticize or support a certain candidate without actually mentioning that person’s name. Loopholes in the Law Mitt Romney ran for President in 2008 and spent 40 million of his own money