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Chapter 4 Cellular Processes Mr. Cobb General Biology
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Everything that lives and moves will be food for you. Just as I gave you the green plants, I now give you everything. Genesis 9:3 Genesis 9:3
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Lets talk about energy
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Organism Energy Autotrophs – make their own food.
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Organism Energy Heterotrophs – get energy from consuming other organisms as a food source.
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ATP – Energy Currency Adenosine Triphosphate – fuel for the cell Made of: Adenosine 3 phosphates Potential energy Energy is in what part of the molecule??? The BONDS!!!
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ATP Energy ATP ADP + P + Energy Hydrolysis reaction - “breaking with water” Energy released in the bonds
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ATP
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ATP Fun Facts Made by each cell to be used by that cell. It is not very stable. Being constantly made by our cells.
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Cell Processes with Energy Photosynthesis – changing light energy to chemical energy - chloroplast Cellular Respiration – changing chemical energy into ATP - mitochondria
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Compare the reactions 6 CO 2 + 6 H 2 O + Light C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 O 2 C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 O 2 6 CO 2 + 6 H 2 O + ATP They are opposites!!!
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Got a handle on it?
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Photosynthesis Light energy into chemical energy and Oxygen by chloroplast. Plants, algae, and bacteria There are two main reactions: 1. Light dependent reaction 2. Light Independent reaction (Calvin Cycle)
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Wavelengths of light absorbed
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Chlorophyll molecule Pg. 100 in book. 4 types a, b, c, d. a molecule absorbs most energy.
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Light Reaction Light required Energize chlorophyll a molecule Chlorophyll a rips H 2 O molecule O 2 is released as waste The electrons leave the chlorophyll a molecule Location: electron transport chain in the thylakoid membrane. Makes ATP and NADPH
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Light Reaction Photosystem II and Photosystem I NOTE: Products are NADP is turned into NADPH ADP + P is turned into ATP. These are used in the Calvin cycle.
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Light reaction
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Light Independent Phase Calvin Cycle and Carbon Fixation Melvin Calvin – nobel prize Location: Stroma of chloroplast Uses ATP and NADPH A “cycle” begins and ends with RuBP Makes 2 PGAL molecules
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PGAL Phosphoglyceraldehyde A 3 carbon molecule – 2 of these make a glucose, which is a 3 carbon molecule. How many CO 2 molecules to make a glucose?
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Transparent fish
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The Chloroplast -double membrane, stroma, thylakoid, grana
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