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Published byWalter Weaver Modified over 8 years ago
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Karyotype Notes
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What each of the human chromosomes look like
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Karyotype: A photomicrograph of chromosomes arranged according to a standard classification
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In other words… Chromosomes are digitally arranged so that they are matched with their homologue or “ partner ” chromosome. Homologue chromosomes are the same size, shape, and carry the same genes, and one is inherited from each parent. They are numbered according to size.
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Sex determination with karyotype This karyotype has 23 exact pairs, which means the person is female. Note that #23 chromosomes are both X.
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Normal human male Note that #23 chromosomes are X and Y. Notice the size of the Y chromosome. It is much smaller then the X
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Is this person female or male?
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Trisomy 21 Abnormality shown in karyotype Note that there are three copies of #21 chromosome. This person has Down Syndrome.
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Correlation between mother’s age and Trisomy 21 incidence
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Monosomy X Abnormality shown in karyotype Note this person only has 1 copy of the X chromosome. This female has Turner’s syndrome.
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XXY Male (Extra X) Notice that this person has an extra X chromosome. This is called Klinefelters. They would be considered a male even though they 2 X chromosomes
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If there are chromosomal number abnormalities, how do they form? Meiosis: the process of creating sperm or egg from a diploid cell If there is a mistake when chromosomes are separating, then the resulting sperm or egg will have too many or too few chromosomes.
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