1. Protestant Reformation
Through Memes

2. First Schism: Great Schism (1054) Catholic vs. Eastern Orthodox

3. Catholic Church
Complete Control over spiritual matters

4. Causes: Catholic Church
1. Spiritual Corruption: Selling Indulgences
2. Medicis: powerful family who had control over Catholic Church

5. Education:
1. Printing Press: made books more available. Increased literacy
2. Humanism: People taught to rely more on reason and logic than the Bible

6. Previous Critics of the Catholic Church
1. Erasmus
2. John Wycliffe
3. Jan Hus

7. Origin 1: Catholic Church
1. Attempt at “Universal Religion”, everyone loyal to Catholic Church
2. Desire to have people more loyal to Christianity above their country of origin.

8. Origin 2: Holy Roman Empire
1. Not an entire Empire, made up of different kingdoms
Politically unstable

9. England
Just finished fighting a civil war (War of the Roses, )

10. Origin 3: Spain
Unifies and kicks out Muslims from entire Spanish peninsula (1493)
Spanish Inquisition: Desire for Spain to be “purely” Catholic
First kicks out all non Christian Spanish or gives them choice to convert to Catholicism, later tortures anyone who does not fully convert
Militant Catholicism

11. Protestant Reformation: Timeline Events

12. Martin Luther German Lawyer Had “Divine Revelation” became a monk
Tried praying, could not get over the idea of going to Hell
Made pilgrimage to Rome

13. 1522: Martin Luther: 95 Theses
Nailed 95 problems he had with the Catholic Church

14. Catholic Church Martin Luther
-Good Deeds + Faith = Salvation
-Talk to God through a Priest
-Give money to Church and poor for salvation
-Faith alone = salvation
-Talk to God one on one
-Keep money, if you are good you’ll give to the poor anyway, but not necessary

15. Diet of Worms (1521) -Council to try to convince Luther he was wrong
-it had the opposite effect, Luther gains
stronger beliefs against Catholic Church

16. 1531: King Henry VIII splits from Catholic Church (not Lutheran)
-becomes head of Anglican Church
-Did it to divorce his wife, Catherine of Aragon
(sister of Charles V)
-gets divorced 6 times
-does it to have a male heir

17. 1538: Lutheranism spreads to Denmark, Norway- kings adopt it

18. 1525: Peasants Revolt -Peasants use Protestant Reformation
to fight against Feudalism
-Martin Luther is against them
-Zwingli supports it

19. 1555: Peace of Augsburg
-German Princes in Holy Roman Empire who want to convert to Lutheranism can, peasants must convert too. Any princes who want to stay Catholic can. First instance of “Freedom of Religion in Europe, kind of….

20. 1558-1603: Queen Elizabeth of England
-Takes over from Mary Queen of Scots (Bloody Mary)
-Makes England into more of a Protestant country
-Fights against the Spanish (Spanish Armada)- Protestantism is here to stay

21. 1536: John Calvin publishes critique of Catholic Church, joins Protestant Movement
Predestination: certain people will be saved and not others, has nothing to do with what you do in your life

22. 1618-1648: 30 Years War -War to determine if a Lutheran could
become the Holy Roman Emperor
-Later became a war of Protestants vs.
Catholics, involved almost all of Europe
-Most destructive war in European history
after WW1, WW2- 30% of German pop.
killed
-Spain loses much prestige
Charles V