2. Emission Controls

3. The Driving Force u Tighter limits on emissions are the main driving force of emission controls u The government is making them do it u The government had no limits on vehicle pollution until the Clean Air Act took effect in the late 1960’s

4. Air is made up of : u 21%O2 u 78%N u 1% other gasses (mostly argon)

5. Fuel is primarily made up of : u Hydrocarbons (HC)

6. Perfect combustion u HC, O2, N2 in u Heat, H2O, CO2 and N2 out

7. Imperfect combustion u Adds HC, CO, NOx and O2 to exhaust

8. Smog, what is it? u Ground level ozone - O3 u Three ingredients; HC, NOx and sunlight u CO is a pollutant all by itself

9. State emissions testing u Attainment areas vs. non-attainment areas –Ozone and/or CO u Centralized vs. non-centralized testing

10. Remote sensing devices u Similar to photo radar u Used in California / Colorado

11. THE END