1. 1 Integrity  Service  Excellence 22 June 2015 Justin W. Young Boston College Institute for Scientific Research Jaime A. Stearns Space Vehicles Directorate Air Force Research Lab Kirtland AFB, NM VUV FLUORESCENCE OF WATER & AMMONIA FOR SATELLITE THRUSTER PLUME CHARACTERIZATION. Air Force Research Laboratory

2. 2 LaSR Lab Low-Threshold Plasmas Reversible Electrochemical Mirrors Electrolyte Ag + + 0 bulk silver Ag + Ag+Ag+ Mirror Substrate Ag + NH* NH 3 Thruster Plume Characterization vs HNO 3 Ionic Liquid Propellants

3. 3 Chemistry in Space: Emerging Satellite Applications

4. 4 STS-63 (Discovery) rendezvous with Mir in 1995 Spectra of PRCS burn N 2 O 4 + CH 3 NHNH 2  N 2, H 2 O, CO, CO 2, H 2, OH, NO, H OH + 310 nm  OH(A, low N) H 2 O + 121.6 nm  OH(A, high v,N) H 2 O + 103 nm  OH(A, very high v,N) Bernstein et al. J. Phys. Chem. A 2003, 107, 10695.

5. 5 http://lasp.colorado.edu/see/see_science.html Solar Spectrum Taking Advantage of the Plume Goal- measure emission of plume species as a function of wavelength to aid development of a quantified model of solar irradiance of thruster plume species Plumes are full of combustion products Small molecules Ex: N 2 O 4 + CH 3 NHNH 2  N 2, H 2 O, CO, CO 2, H 2, OH, NO, H The solar spectrum can interact with these species Fillion et al. J. Phys. Chem. A. 105, 11414.

6. 6 Water Photodissociation Products Relative Energy a.u. Adapted from: Harich et al. J. Chem. Phys 2000, 113, 10073

7. 7 OH Radical Product Distributions OH(A) rotational distributions after H 2 O photodissociation at Ly-α Effect of temperature? 122 nm vs 121.6nm? Harich et al. J. Chem. Phys 2000, 113, 10073

8. 8 N 2 O 4 + CH 3 NHNH 2  N 2, H 2 O, CO, CO 2, H 2 OH,NO, H N 2 H 4 + catalyst  N 2, H 2, NH 3, H 2 O Interesting Species Thruster ReactionsProducts Photodissociation H 2 O + ly-α  OH + H ~310nm CO 2 + VUV  CO + O ~630 nm NH 3 + VUV  NH 2 + H ~500nm  NH +H 2 ~300nm Fluorescence Signature

9. 9 Ammonia Okabe. Photochemistry of small molecules, 1978

10. 10 Setup

11. 11 Progress Built the Setup Generated VUV Detected LIF signal from naphthalene (300 nm excitation) Currently, working towards detecting fluorescence signal from water photodissociation

12. 12 Alumni Dr. Russell Cooper Ms. Alaina Howe Acknowledgements AFOSR Molecular Dynamics National Research Council Boston College Institute for Scientific Research Space Scholars Program DOD High Performance Computing Modernization Program Professor Cheuk Ng Dr. Ryan Booth (NRC) Dr. Jaime Stearns Dr. Justin Young (BC) Dr. Chris Annesley (BC) Acknowledgements