1. The New Frontier: Ch. 28 KENNEDY AND THE COLD WAR: SECTION 1

2. Kennedy and the Cold War Objectives: ◦1.) To identify the factors that contributed to Kennedy’s election in 1960 ◦2.) To summarize the crises that developed over Cuba ◦3.) To show how Berlin symbolized the Cold War tensions of the early 1960s

3. Terms John F. Kennedy Flexible response Fidel Castro Berlin Wall Hot line Limited Test Ban Treaty

4. The Election of 1960 U.S. Restlessness: ◦ - Economy in recession ◦ - Eisenhower ends his second term ◦ - Sputnik 1 ◦ - Development of Soviet long range missiles ◦ - U2 incident ◦ - Alignment of Cuba and the Soviet Union ◦ ________Bottom Line?____________ The Election: Kennedy v Nixon ◦-Closest since 1888 ◦Kennedy won fewer than 119,000 votes ◦Television and civil rights ◦Kennedy’s Campaign ◦Televised debate with NixonTelevised debate with Nixon ◦Kennedy and MLK

6. Kennedy v the Soviets -Eisenhower admin: Massive retaliation (Brinkmanship) -Kennedy admin: Flexible Response ◦Wanted options ◦Build up conventional military ◦Creation of Special Forces ◦“inglorious retreat or unlimited retaliation.”

7. Crises Over Cuba - Eisenhower cut off diplomatic relations with Cuba - Revolutionary Fidel Castro fought Cuban dictator Fulgencio Batista. ◦- “Revolutionaries are not born, they are made by poverty, inequality, and dictatorship” -Castro takes control of oil refineries and commercial farms -U.S. responded by restricting the trade of Cuban sugar -Bay of Pigs InvasionBay of Pigs Invasion

8. Berlin and the Cold War In 11 years since the Berlin Airlift 3 million East Germans had fled to West Berlin. -------View of East German Communism?------ Berlin would be “the great testing place of Western courage and will.” Khrushchev responded with the Berlin Wall

10. The Berlin Wall

11. Ease the Tension - Hot Line: between the White House and the Kremlin 1963 - Limited Test Ban Treaty: Meaning? 1963 - Kennedy’s domestic goals: “a nation can be no stronger abroad than she is at home.” ◦Wanted to gain the worlds respect by creating a nation based on equal rights, social justice, education, and economic prosperity. ◦Kennedy never reached these goals…………