9. Study of death in its medico-legal aspects
Thanatology
Study of death in its medico-legal aspects

10. Conditions mimicking Death Differential diagnosis of Death
thanatology
Conditions mimicking Death
Differential diagnosis of Death
Hypothermia
Electrocution
Suspended animation
Brain damage
Narcotic poisoning

11. end of individuality of a person
thanatology
Definition of Death
Complete and irreversible loss of vital functions of the body, as defined by physicians, to an extent that under the given circumstances, it is impossible for the person to revive or to be resuscitated
Ceasing to exist,
end of individuality of a person
Black’s Law Dictionary
molecular
somatic

12. Death 1 Mode 2 Manner or nature 3 Cause 4 Mechanism
thanatology
Death
The value or item occurring most frequently in a series of observations or statistical data.
1 Mode
2 Manner or nature
3 Cause
4 Mechanism

13. thanatology
CNS function
LIFE
Circulation
Respiration

14. Tripod of life
Life
respiration
CNS function
circulation

15. Tripod of death
death
respiration
CNS function
circulation

16. Cessation of CNS function
thanatology
Modes of death
Cessation of CNS function
Coma (ko’ma)
CNS injury
Narcotic poisoning
Brain stem failure

17. Cessation of circulation Myocardial infarction
thanatology
Modes of death
Cessation of circulation
Syncope (sing’kpee)
Mechanical trauma
Shock
Myocardial infarction

18. Cessation of respiration
thanatology
Modes of death
Cessation of respiration
Asphyxia
CO poisoning
Choking
Hanging

19. thanatology
Modes of death
Coma
Tripod of death
Syncope
Asphyxia

20. Myocardial infarction Carbonmonoxide poisoning
thanatology
Cause of death
Injury or disease which leads to death
Stab in the heart
Myocardial infarction
Carbonmonoxide poisoning
Road side accident
Fall from height
Carcinoma lung
URAIZY

21. URAIZY Manner or nature of death
thanatology
Manner or nature of death
Natural - diseases and pathological conditions leading to death
e.g. carcinoma breast
plague
CCF
senility
URAIZY

22. Manner or nature of death
thanatology
Manner or nature of death
Natural -
Unnatural – homicidal
throttling
stabbing
poisoning

23. Manner or nature of death
thanatology
Manner or nature of death
Natural -
Unnatural - homicidal
- suicidal
cut throat
barbiturate poisoning
jumping from height

24. Manner or nature of death
thanatology
Manner or nature of death
Natural -
Unnatural - homicidal
- suicidal
- accidental
CO poisoning
road accidents

25. Manner or nature of death
thanatology
Manner or nature of death
Natural -
Unnatural - homicidal
- suicidal
- accidental
- manipulative/exhibitionist
CuSO4 intake
Russian roulette
Trapeze
‘chicken’

26. Manner or nature of death
thanatology
Manner or nature of death
Natural -
Unnatural - homicidal
- suicidal
- accidental
- manipulative/exhibitionist

27. thanatology

28. First year of life Sudden Natural Death thanatology
Acute respiratory Bronchopneumonia
infection Bronchitis; Bronchiolitis
Inhalation of Vomitus; Foreign body
Suffocation Accidental; Homicidal
Congenital Heart Transposition of great
Disease vessels; Fallot's tetralogy
Endocardial fibroelastosis
Rh-isoimmunization
Diseases of CNS … Meningitis; encephalitis
Other Adrenal Haemorrhage Gastro-enteritis
Intussusception
Malnutrition
Trauma Accidental
Homicidal
Poisoning ... Aspirin; chloral hydrate

29. 2-20 years of life Sudden Natural Death thanatology thanatology
Ac Respiratory Fulminating influenza
Infections … Bronchopneumonia; Bronchiolitis
Asthma
Inhalation of … Vomitus; foreign bodies
Congenital Heart Fallot's Tetralogy
Disease … Septal defects; Mycotic aneurysms
CNS Disease … Meningitis; Encephalitis
GIT Diseases … Appendicitis
Trauma …
Poisoning ... Iron; Aspirin; Drug addiction

30. 20-40 years of life Sudden Natural Death thanatology thanatology
CNS diseases … Subarachnoid haemorrhage
Epilepsy
CVS diseases … Mitral stenosis; Myocarditis
Coronary artery disease
Coarctation of aorta
Resp system … Asthma
Female … Abortion; Ruptured ectopic pregnancy
Trauma
Poisoning Alcohol; Barbiturates
Tranquilisers; Drug addiction

31. 40-60 years of life Sudden Natural Death thanatology thanatology
CVS diseases … Coronary artery disease; Mitral stenosis
Dissecting aneurysm
CNS … Intra-cerebral haemorrhage
Resp system … Pulmonary embolus
GIT … Acute pancreatitis; perforated peptic ulcer
Upper alimentary tract haemorrhage
Rupture of oesophageal varices
Poisoning Barbiturates; tranquilisers
Alcohol;
Viral diseases … viral hepatitis

32. Over 60 years of life Sudden Natural Death thanatology thanatology
Resp system … Bronchopneumonia; influenza
CVS system … Intra-cerebral haemorrhage
Hypertensive, neoplastic &
Coronary artery disease; Rupture of heart
Rupture of aorta or other great vessels
Subarachnoid haemorrhage
Hypertensive cardiac failure
Resp system … Pulmonary embolus
GIT … Peritonitis
Hypothermia
Poisoning ... Barbiturates; Carbon monoxide

33. conducted at the Surgeon Medico-legal Punjab Office, Lahore
thanatology
Post-mortem examinations
conducted at the Surgeon Medico-legal Punjab Office, Lahore
Homicide 45.2
Accidents 28.8
Newborn 3.99
trauma 31.68
fire arm 7.03
strangulation 3.07
miscellaneous 3.45
road 26.65
electrical 2.15
viable 1.83
non-viable 1.66
exhumation 1.47
poisoning 4.65
burns 0.53
suicide 2.57
undetermined 1.89
natural 11.37

34. 56,056 Trend observed in Surgeon Medico-legal Punjab Office, Lahore
thanatology
Medico-legal Certifications
Trauma cases all types
blunt force non-
grievous 65.47
fire arm 7.03
rape 2.99
poisoning/alcohol
blunt force
grievous
3.01
sodomy 0.59
firearm trauma 0.57
burns 0.39
sharp force grievous 0.19
sharp force
non-grievous
10.24
Total cases
56,056
Trend observed in Surgeon Medico-legal Punjab Office, Lahore
(data mainly from Lahore)