1. NORTH AFRICA & SOUTHWEST ASIA III (Chapter 6: 321-333)

2. THE EMPIRE STATES n TURKEY, IRAN, CYPRUS, AZERBAIJAN n IMPERIAL HERITAGE n ARAB ETHNICITY GIVES WAY BUT ISLAMIC CULTURE CONTINUES n HIGH MOUNTAINS AND PLATEAUS VS ROCKY AND SANDY DESERT

3. THE EMPIRE STATES

4. TURKEY n TURKISH OTTOMAN EMPIRE –NOMADIC PEOPLES FROM THE STEPPES AND FORESTS OF SIBERIA –6TH CENTURY- ESTABLISHED AN EMPIRE STRETCHING FROM MONGOLIA TO THE BLACK SEA –SPREAD THE TURKIC LANGUAGE FAR AND WIDE –DECLINED IN EARLY 1900s n MUSTAFA KEMAL (ATATURK) –FATHER OF MODERN TURKEY –MOVED CAPITAL FROM CONSTANTINOPLE TO ANKARA –WESTERNIZED TURKEY AND BROKE FREE FROM THE ARAB WORLD

5. TURKEY (CONTINUED) n WESTERNIZATION –ISLAM LOST OFFICIAL STATUS –ROMAN ALPHABET REPLACED ARABIC –ISLAMIC LAW REPLACED BY WESTERN CODE –MONOGAMY BECAME LAW –WOMEN GAINED RIGHTS –TURKEY SEPARATED FROM ARAB WORLD n KURDISH POPULATION –14 MILLION- 1/5 OF TURKEY’S 67 MILLION –SOUTHEAST TURKEY (IRAQ) - 3,000 BP; RECENTLY-ISTANBUL –ISLAMIC FUNDAMENTALISM

6. CYPRUS n POPULATION OF 900,000 n PREDOMINANTLY GREEK SINCE ANCIENT TIMES n CONQUERED IN 1571 BY TURKS n 1878- BRITISH TOOK CONTROL n AFTER WW II- INDEPENDENCE OR UNION WITH GREECE OR TURKEY? n 1960- GRANTED INDEPENDENCE n 1974- CIVIL WAR n 1983- TURKISH REPUBLIC OF NORTHERN CYPRUS SECEDED; 2 DE FACTO STATES EXIST

7. TURKESTAN n MOUNTAINS n DESERTS n OIL, COTTON n PASTORALISM n DIPLOMATIC REALIGNMENT n ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS

8. TURKESTAN n Kazakhstan n Uzbekistan n Turkmenistan n Kyrgyzstan n Tajikistan n Afghanistan

9. ISRAEL

10. n ZIONISM –POLITICAL MOVEMENT –FOUNDED BY THEODOR HERZL (1897) –OBJECTIVE: SECURE A HOMELAND FOR THE JEWISH PEOPLE n BALFOUR DECLARATION (1917) –SUPPORTS THE CONCEPT OF A JEWISH HOMELAND n JEWISH IMMIGRATION TO PALESTINE n 1922 – BRITISH MANDATE TO GOVERN PALESTINE n RISING CONFLICT BETWEEN ARABS AND JEWS ISRAEL

11. n UN PARTITION PLAN FOR PALESTINE –DIVISION INTO JEWISH AND ARAB AREAS –BRITISH EVACUATE PALESTINE IN 1948 –PROCLAMATION OF ISRAEL AS A STATE (14 May 1948) n 1948: ARAB INVASION (WAR OF INDEPENDENCE) –EGYPTIAN, IRAQI, JORDANIAN, & SYRIAN FORCES –ISRAEL SEIZES MORE LAND THAN PRESCRIBED UNDER UN MANDATE n ARMISTICE (1949) –900,000 PALESTINIAN REFUGEES ISRAEL

12. n ARAB – ISRAELI CONFLICTS –1956: SUEZ WAR –1967: SIX-DAY WAR – ISRAEL GAINS CONTROL OF: –GAZA STRIP –SINAI PENINSULA –WEST BANK OF THE RIVER JORDAN –EAST SECTOR OF JERUSALEM –GOLAN HEIGHTS IN SYRIA –1973: YOM KIPPUR WAR ISRAEL

13. Golan Heights Gaza Strip West Bank OCCUPIED TERRITORIES

14. ISRAEL The West Bank Likelihood of a 100% pullout of the Israeli security presence?

15. STRUGGLE FOR JERUSALEM n HOLY TO JEWS, CHRISTIANS, AND MUSLIMS n JUDAISM: CAPITAL OF JEWISH KINGDOM 3000 YEARS BP; FAITH TOOK FORM IN THE FIRST TEMPLE-DESTROYED BY BABYLONIANS IN 586 BC; REBUILT AS SECOND TEMPLE-DESTROYED BY ROMANS IN AD 70 n ISLAM: PROPHET MUHAMMAD ASCENDED INTO HEAVEN 7TH CENTURY AD n CHRISTIANITY: BASED ON THE TEACHINGS OF JESUS CHRIST; CRUXIFICTION & ASCENT

16. STRUGGLE FOR JERUSALEM (CONTINUED) n 1947- UNITED NATIONS DID NOT INCLUDE JERUSALEM AS PART OF ISRAEL n 1947- PALESTINE PARTITION RESOLUTION DESIGNATED JERUSALEM AS AN “OPEN CITY” n 1948-49- WAR AND TRANSFER OF ISRAELI GOVERNMENT FROM TEL AVIV TO JERUSALEM n 1967- WAR AND AFTERMATH CHANGED BOUNDARIES AGAIN n 1980- JERUSALEM REAFFIRMED AS THE CAPITAL OF ISRAEL

17. JERUSALEM

18. E.J. PALKA CULTURAL DIVERSITY

19. E..J. PALKA

23. NORTH AFRICA/ SOUTHWEST ASIA III (Chapter 6: 321-333)