1. Imperialism in China What were the causes of the Opium Wars?

2. China & The West p. 371 1.What was the basis of China’s self sufficiency? 2.What was China’s main crop & where was it grown? 3.What did the Spanish & Portuguese bring to China and how did it effect the Chinese? 4.What other resources did China have?

3. The Opium Wars Little trade between China & the West, except for silk & tea for silver which favored China British bring technology gifts to China, Chinese are unimpressed Next, British bring opium from India to China Poppy Plant 1835: 12 million Chinese were hooked on the drug – Chinese Qing Emperor tries to ban opium Emperor’s advisor complains to Britain’s Queen Victoria Stop selling drugs to our people! Deal with it! Queen ignores him and Britain continues trading in Opium 1839: China tries to destroy British opium. Britain starts “Opium Wars ” Chinese lose the war 1842: Treaty of Nanjing gives 1) Britain island of Hong Kong & 2) extraterritorial rights (foreigners not subject to Chinese Law)

4. Geography App: The Opium Wars 1.What does each box in the graph represent? 2.How much did opium increase between 1770 & 1840? 3.Describe the route in which opium arrived in China? 4.Why was Singapore important to the British? 5.Why did the British government encourage opium trade?

5. 1850: Hong Xiuquan recruits peasant army to remove Qing Government, starting the Taiping Rebellion 1864: Empress Cixi asks British & French to help defeat Hong’s army - 20 million + killed during Taiping Rebellion Empress Cixi “owes” Britain & France but rest of Europe & Japan want Spheres of Influence in China Fearing another “Scramble for Africa”, the US negotiates the open door policy, which allowed all nations trade with China 1. What are the Europeans doing to China? 2. Which countries seem at odds with each other? 3. Who else is involved and what is the reaction of the Chinese? Taiping Rebellion Imperialism in China Pol Cartoon 1861: Qing Emp. dies, wife Cixi & sister Ci'an share throne

6. The Boxer Rebellion Tension grows between Cixi & C’ian over Open Door Policy He is arrested & Empress Cixi returns 1900: Angry Chinese form the Boxers, began a revolt known as the Boxer Rebellion – Britain & US intervene Although Boxers were beaten, Chinese know reform is needed C'ian’s son becomes Emperor at age 18, wants to end the Open Door Policy