2. 2 Electrostatic Fields

3. Copyright © 2007 Oxford University Press Elements of Electromagnetics Fourth Edition Sadiku3 Figure 4.1 Coulomb vector force on point changes Q 1 and Q 2.

4. Copyright © 2007 Oxford University Press Elements of Electromagnetics Fourth Edition Sadiku4 Figure 4.2 (a), (b) Like charges repel. (c) Unlike charges attract.

5. Copyright © 2007 Oxford University Press Elements of Electromagnetics Fourth Edition Sadiku5 Figure 4.3 Suspended charged particles; for Example 4.2.

6. Copyright © 2007 Oxford University Press Elements of Electromagnetics Fourth Edition Sadiku6 Figure 4.4 Electrostatic separation of solids; for Example 4.3.

7. Copyright © 2007 Oxford University Press Elements of Electromagnetics Fourth Edition Sadiku7 Figure 4.5 Various charge distributions and charge elements.

8. Copyright © 2007 Oxford University Press Elements of Electromagnetics Fourth Edition Sadiku8 Figure 4.6 Evaluation of the E field due to a line charge.

9. Copyright © 2007 Oxford University Press Elements of Electromagnetics Fourth Edition Sadiku9 Figure 4.7 Evaluation of the E field due to an infinite sheet of charge.

10. Copyright © 2007 Oxford University Press Elements of Electromagnetics Fourth Edition Sadiku10 Figure 4.8 Evaluation of the E field due to a volume charge distribution.

11. Copyright © 2007 Oxford University Press Elements of Electromagnetics Fourth Edition Sadiku11 Figure 4.9 Charged ring; for Example 4.4.

12. Copyright © 2007 Oxford University Press Elements of Electromagnetics Fourth Edition Sadiku12 Figure 4.10 For Example 4.6: (a) three charge distributions, (b) finding  and a  on plane y  1.

13. Copyright © 2007 Oxford University Press Elements of Electromagnetics Fourth Edition Sadiku13 Figure 4.11 Flux density D due to a point charge and an infinite line charge.

14. Copyright © 2007 Oxford University Press Elements of Electromagnetics Fourth Edition Sadiku14 Figure 4.12 Illustration of Gauss’s law: flux leaving v 1 is 5 nC and that leaving v 2 is 0 C.

15. Copyright © 2007 Oxford University Press Elements of Electromagnetics Fourth Edition Sadiku15 Figure 4.13 Gaussian surface about a point charge.

16. Copyright © 2007 Oxford University Press Elements of Electromagnetics Fourth Edition Sadiku16 Figure 4.14 Gaussian surface about an infinite line charge.

17. Copyright © 2007 Oxford University Press Elements of Electromagnetics Fourth Edition Sadiku17 Figure 4.15 Gaussian surface about an infinite line sheet of charge.

18. Copyright © 2007 Oxford University Press Elements of Electromagnetics Fourth Edition Sadiku18 Figure 4.16 Gaussian surface for a uniformly charged sphere when (a) r  a and (b) r  a.

19. Copyright © 2007 Oxford University Press Elements of Electromagnetics Fourth Edition Sadiku19 Figure 4.17 Sketch of  D  against r for a uniformly charged sphere.

20. Copyright © 2007 Oxford University Press Elements of Electromagnetics Fourth Edition Sadiku20 Figure 4.18 Displacement of point charge Q in an electrostatic field E.

21. Copyright © 2007 Oxford University Press Elements of Electromagnetics Fourth Edition Sadiku21 Figure 4.19 The conservative nature of an electrostatic field.

22. Copyright © 2007 Oxford University Press Elements of Electromagnetics Fourth Edition Sadiku22 Figure 4.20 An electric dipole.

23. Copyright © 2007 Oxford University Press Elements of Electromagnetics Fourth Edition Sadiku23 Figure 4.21 Equipotential surfaces for (a) a point charge and (b) an electric dipole.

24. Copyright © 2007 Oxford University Press Elements of Electromagnetics Fourth Edition Sadiku24 Figure 4.22 Assembling of charges.

25. Copyright © 2007 Oxford University Press Elements of Electromagnetics Fourth Edition Sadiku25 Figure 4.23 (a) Wrist strap. (b) Foot grounders.

26. Copyright © 2007 Oxford University Press Elements of Electromagnetics Fourth Edition Sadiku26 Figure 4.24 A typical ESD-protected workstation.

27. Copyright © 2007 Oxford University Press Elements of Electromagnetics Fourth Edition Sadiku27 Figure 4.25 For Problem 4.6.

28. Copyright © 2007 Oxford University Press Elements of Electromagnetics Fourth Edition Sadiku28 Figure 4.26 For Problem 4.44.