1. Do Now – 10/25 Name the 3 postulates of the cell theory.
Name the 3 scientists who DIRECTLY contributed to the cell theory.
What discovery was necessary BEFORE we could discover cells?

2. Cell Structure and Function

3. Cell Theory All organisms consist of 1 or more cells.
Cell is the smallest unit of life.
All cells come from pre-existing cells.

4. Structure and Function
Cells are great example.
Shape reflects what their job is.
You can look at a cell and immediately tell what its job is
Ex: Structure cells LOOK like they are for support
Ex: Nerve cells are long and skinny to send nerve signals over long distances

5. Cell Structure All Cells have: an outermost plasma membrane
genetic material in the form of DNA
cytoplasm with ribosomes

6. Why Are Cells So Small? (4.2)
Cells need sufficient surface area to allow adequate transport of nutrients in and wastes out.
As cell volume increases, so does the need for the transporting of nutrients and wastes.

7. Thus, surface area limits cell volume/size.
Why Are Cells So Small?
However, as cell volume increases the surface area of the cell does not expand as quickly.
If the cell’s volume gets too large it cannot transport enough wastes out or nutrients in.
Thus, surface area limits cell volume/size.

8. Why Are Cells So Small?
Strategies for increasing surface area, so cell can be larger:
“Frilly” edged…….
Long and narrow…..
Round cells will always be small.

9. Cell Game Directions
Order the cards from biggest to smallest Place them on the construction paper in front of you

10. Cells: Prokaryote vs Eukaryote

11. Cells have evolved two different architectures:
Prokaryote “style”
Eukaryote “style”

12. Prokaryote cells are smaller and simpler
Commonly known as bacteria
microns in size
Single-celled(unicellular) or
Filamentous (strings of single cells)

13. These are prokaryote
E. coli bacteria on the head of a steel pin.

14. Prokaryote cells are simply built (example: E. coli)
capsule: slimy outer coating
cell wall: tougher middle layer
cell membrane: delicate inner skin

15. Prokaryote cells are simply built (example: E. coli)
cytoplasm: inner liquid filling
DNA in one big loop
pilli: for sticking to things
flagella: for swimming
ribosomes: for building proteins

16. Prokaryote lifestyle unicellular: all alone colony: forms a film
filamentous: forms a chain of cells

17. Prokaryote Feeding Photosynthetic: energy from sunlight
Disease-causing: feed on living things
Decomposers: feed on dead things

18. Do Now – 10/26 Why are cells so small?
What are the two types of cells?
What are the structures that are present in ALL cells?

19. Eukaryotes are bigger and more complicated
Have organelles
Have chromosomes
can be multicellular
include animal and plant cells

20. Organelles are membrane-bound cell parts
Mini “organs” that have unique structures and functions
Located in cytoplasm

21. Cell Structures Cell membrane
delicate lipid and protein skin around cytoplasm
found in all cells

22. Nucleus
a membrane-bound sac evolved to store the cell’s chromosomes(DNA )
has pores: holes

23. Nucleolus
inside nucleus
location of ribosome factory
made or RNA

24. mitochondrion
makes the cell’s energy
the more energy the cell needs, the more mitochondria it has

25. Ribosomes
build proteins from amino acids in cytoplasm
may be free- floating, or
may be attached to ER
made of RNA

26. Endoplasmic reticulum
may be smooth: builds lipids and carbohydrates
may be rough: stores proteins made by attached ribosomes

27. Golgi Complex
takes in sacs of raw material from ER
sends out sacs containing finished cell products

28. Lysosomes
sacs filled with digestive enzymes
digest worn out cell parts
digest food absorbed by cell

29. Centrioles
pair of bundled tubes
organize cell division

30. Cytoskeleton made of microtubules found throughout cytoplasm
gives shape to cell & moves organelles around inside.

31. Structures found in plant cells
Cell wall
very strong
made of cellulose
protects cell from rupturing
glued to other cells next door

32. Vacuole
huge water- filled sac
keeps cell pressurized
stores starch

33. Chloroplasts
filled with chlorophyll
turn solar energy into food energy

34. EXIT TICKET
Name 5 organelles and their jobs

35. Individual Practice
Get into groups of 5, choose a plant or animal cell
Each person choose 2 organelles (if you are doing plant cell than pick 3)
On a half size piece of paper, draw a picture of 1 organelle along with a short description its function
Tape/glue your picture to the chart paper “cell”
Be sure to label the cell plant or animal

36. How are plant and animal cells different?

37. Structure
Animal cells
Plant cells
cell membrane
Yes
yes
nucleus
nucleolus
ribosomes ER
Golgi
centrioles no
cell wall
mitochondria
cholorplasts
One big vacuole
cytoskeleton

38. Eukaryote cells can be multicellular
The whole cell can be specialized for one job
cells can work together as tissues
Tissues can work together as organs

39. Advantages of each kind of cell architecture
Prokaryotes
Eukaryotes
simple and easy to grow
can specialize
fast reproduction
multicellularity
all the same
can build large bodies

40. Examples of specialized euk. cells
liver cell: specialized to detoxify blood and store glucose as glycogen.

41. sperm cell: specialized to deliver DNA to egg cell

42. Mesophyll cell
specialize d to capture as much light as possible
inside a leaf

43. How do animal cells move?
Some can crawl with pseudopods
Some can swim with a flagellum
Some can swim very fast with cilia

44. Pseudopods means “fake feet” extensions of cell membrane
example: ameoba

45. Flagellum/flagella large whiplike tail
pushes or pulls cell through water
can be single, or a pair

46. Cilia fine, hairlike extensions attached to cell membrane
beat in unison

47. How did organelles evolve?
many scientists theorize that eukaryotes evolved from prokaryote ancestors.
in 1981, Lynn Margulis popularized the “endosymbiont theory.”

48. Endosymbiont theory: a prokaryote ancestor “eats” a smaller prokaryote
the smaller prokaryote evolves a way to avoid being digested, and lives inside its new “host” cell kind of like a pet.

49. Endo = inside Symbiont = friend

50. the small prokaryotes that can do photosynthesis evolve into chloroplasts, and “pay” their host with glucose.
The smaller prokaryotes that can do aerobic respiration evolve into mitochondria, and convert the glucose into energy the cell can use.
Both the host and the symbiont benefit from the relationship

51. Chlorella are tiny green cells that live inside some amoeba
Chlorella are tiny green cells that live inside some amoeba... endosymbiosis may still be evolving today!