1. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Chapter Objectives Section 3: Reforming Society Analyze the connection between religious and social reform.  List major areas of society that reformers set out to improve

2. Problems of the early 1800s Poverty Poverty Alcoholism Alcoholism Illiteracy Illiteracy Overcrowded housing Overcrowded housing Poor health care Poor health care Abuse of women Abuse of women Declining moral values Declining moral values

3. Reform movements of the 1800s Started by the revivalists and transcendentalists Started by the revivalists and transcendentalists Temperance Temperance Education Education Prison Prison Women’s rights Women’s rights

4. The Temperance movement 1 st reform to eliminate alcohol 1 st reform to eliminate alcohol 1800s- US consumes more alcohol than any nation in the world (5 gal/person 1820) 1800s- US consumes more alcohol than any nation in the world (5 gal/person 1820) Tend to lose control Tend to lose control Abuse families Abuse families Temperance starts at local levels (women) Temperance starts at local levels (women) American Temperance Society urges abstinence American Temperance Society urges abstinence

6. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

7. Effects of Temperance movement Some states ban the sale of alcohol (ME) Some states ban the sale of alcohol (ME) Most are repealed but taxes raised Most are repealed but taxes raised Alcohol consumption drops (raises awareness) Alcohol consumption drops (raises awareness)

8. What does this cartoon depict?

10. On the Wagon The phrase “on the wagon,” referring to a recovering alcoholic, originated during the temperance movement. To publicize their cause, reformers pulled a water wagon through the streets and urged people to climb on. Over time “going on the wagon” came to mean accepting the temperance cause and staying sober.

11. Why did some reformers advocate temperance? These people believed that the excessive use of alcohol was the cause of various social problems, such as crime and poverty. The Reform Spirit (cont.) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. (pages 278–281)

12. Horace Mann’s 6 principles Citizens can’t maintain both ignorance and freedom Citizens can’t maintain both ignorance and freedom should be paid for, controlled, and maintained by the public should be paid for, controlled, and maintained by the public Schools should embrace children from varying backgrounds Schools should embrace children from varying backgrounds Education should be nonsectarian Education should be nonsectarian Education must be taught with tenets of a free society Education must be taught with tenets of a free society Provided by well trained teachers Provided by well trained teachers

13. Education Led by Horace Mann Led by Horace Mann Raise taxes for schools Raise taxes for schools Require all to have public education Require all to have public education Separate grade levels Separate grade levels Plans teacher training and curriculum guides Plans teacher training and curriculum guides 1850s- N has public elementary schools 1850s- N has public elementary schools 1860- 300 High schools 1860- 300 High schools

14. Horace Mann

15. Education (cont’d) Why did some people not support public schools? Why did some people not support public schools? Taxes and work Taxes and work Teach 3 R’s and self-discipline and good citizenship Teach 3 R’s and self-discipline and good citizenship Use McGuffey’s Readers Use McGuffey’s Readers Teach reading and Protestant moral values Teach reading and Protestant moral values Schools are more common in North and urban areas. Why? Schools are more common in North and urban areas. Why? Who can usually attend? Who can usually attend?

17. Horace Mann carried his ideas on education from Massachusetts to Ohio, where he became the first president of Antioch College. There he fought for equal educational opportunities for women.

18. Oberlin College was the first coeducational college and one of the first to admit African American students. Among Oberlin’s first African American graduates was Fannie Jackson Coppin, who had been born enslaved. She went on to have a distinguished career as a teacher and school administrator.

19. Prison reform Originally crude jails (solitary confinement) Originally crude jails (solitary confinement) High suicide rate High suicide rate Led by Dorothea Dix Led by Dorothea Dix Built to rehabilitate prisoners (discipline and work programs) Built to rehabilitate prisoners (discipline and work programs) Mentally ill mixed with hardened criminals Mentally ill mixed with hardened criminals Treated poorly Treated poorly Gets prison reforms and homes built for the mentally ill Gets prison reforms and homes built for the mentally ill

20. Have you ever asked for too much for Christmas?

21. Two Ideas on Women’s Rights #1 “ True Womanhood ” #1 “ True Womanhood ” –Stay at home and take care of the family –Conservative –#2 Seek more rights

22. Women’s rights Catharine Beecher lobbies for women’s education Catharine Beecher lobbies for women’s education Opens Hartford Seminary for teachers Opens Hartford Seminary for teachers Believes better educated women can raise better children (cult of domesticity) Believes better educated women can raise better children (cult of domesticity) As women become educated, they want roles outside the home As women become educated, they want roles outside the home Get involved in reform movements Get involved in reform movements

24. The Seneca Falls Convention Women voted out of World Anti-slavery Convention in London Women voted out of World Anti-slavery Convention in London Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton emerge as leaders Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton emerge as leaders Have meeting in Seneca Falls, NY Have meeting in Seneca Falls, NY First women’s rights convention in US First women’s rights convention in US Issues the Declaration of Sentiments Issues the Declaration of Sentiments Pass 12 resolutions Pass 12 resolutions

26. Seneca Falls (cont’d) Protest the lack of legal and political rights of women Protest the lack of legal and political rights of women 9 th resolution called for women’s suffrage (vote) 9 th resolution called for women’s suffrage (vote) Convention breaks up over this issue Convention breaks up over this issue Effects of Convention Effects of Convention No huge support for women’s rights No huge support for women’s rights Start of the women’s rights movement Start of the women’s rights movement How has this affected us today in America? How has this affected us today in America? Leads to Susan B. Anthony and others call for voting rights and other equalities Leads to Susan B. Anthony and others call for voting rights and other equalities

27. Declaration of Sentiments Which 1 sentence in the Declaration of Sentiments’ argument do you find most convincing? Explain why? Which 1 sentence in the Declaration of Sentiments’ argument do you find most convincing? Explain why? Why do you think the authors chose to title this document the Declaration of Sentiments rather than some other title? Why do you think the authors chose to title this document the Declaration of Sentiments rather than some other title? The section of the Declaration that introduces the list of evidence reads “The history of mankind is a history of repeated usurpations on the part of men toward women, having established an absolute tyranny over her.” Based on the evidence in this statement. Why or why not? The section of the Declaration that introduces the list of evidence reads “The history of mankind is a history of repeated usurpations on the part of men toward women, having established an absolute tyranny over her.” Based on the evidence in this statement. Why or why not? Of the 16 “facts” that are listed. Which do you think is the most compelling? Of the 16 “facts” that are listed. Which do you think is the most compelling? Who do you think “he” is referring to? Who do you think “he” is referring to? In what ways are the Declaration similar to and different from the Declaration of Independence? In what ways are the Declaration similar to and different from the Declaration of Independence? If you had been a male delegate. Would you have signed this document. Why or why not If you had been a male delegate. Would you have signed this document. Why or why not

28. What was the significance of the Seneca Falls Convention? It called for equal rights for men and women and it was the start of the women’s movement. The Early Women’s Movement (cont.) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. (pages 281–282)

29. Checking for Understanding __ 1.prison whose purpose is to reform prisoners __ 2.an association focusing on spreading the word of God and combating social problems __ 3.moderation in or abstinence from alcohol A.benevolent society B.temperance C.penitentiary Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. A B C

30. Reviewing Themes Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Continuity and Change How did the Second Great Awakening affect the reform movements of the mid-1800s? It encouraged people to work for reform and brought many women into the reform movement.

31. Critical Thinking Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Evaluating In what ways did the new penitentiaries change the prison system? The new penitentiaries brought about better facilities and opportunities for rehabilitation.