1. Chapter 9 Roman Civilization Section 1 Life in Ancient Rome

2. I. Roman Culture (pgs. 303-305) The Romans admired the Greeks and copied many of their ideas, but often changed what they borrowed. The Romans admired the Greeks and copied many of their ideas, but often changed what they borrowed. Roman statues and art portrayed people with flaws, whereas Greek art and statues portrayed ideal people Roman statues and art portrayed people with flaws, whereas Greek art and statues portrayed ideal people Romans incorporated Greek architecture with the use of columns and porches, but added arches, domes, and vaults, which are covered ceilings. Romans incorporated Greek architecture with the use of columns and porches, but added arches, domes, and vaults, which are covered ceilings.

3. The Romans were the first to invent the use of concrete by mixing volcanic ash, lime, and water. The Romans were the first to invent the use of concrete by mixing volcanic ash, lime, and water. Two famous buildings still stand today: Two famous buildings still stand today: Colosseum – large arena Colosseum – large arena Pantheon – temple in honor of Rome’s gods Pantheon – temple in honor of Rome’s gods

4. Roman Literature The Roman writer Virgil wrote the Aenied (uh-nee-uhd), which tells the story of the Trojan prince Aeneas. The Roman writer Virgil wrote the Aenied (uh-nee-uhd), which tells the story of the Trojan prince Aeneas. The poet Horace wrote satires, which are works that poke fun at human weaknesses, and odes, which express strong emotions about life. The poet Horace wrote satires, which are works that poke fun at human weaknesses, and odes, which express strong emotions about life. The writers Ovid and Catullus were inspired by Greek writing and myths. The writers Ovid and Catullus were inspired by Greek writing and myths.

5. Roman Historians Livy, one of Rome’s most famous historians wrote the History of Rome. Livy, one of Rome’s most famous historians wrote the History of Rome. Another historian, Tacitus, thought Roman emperors had taken people’s freedom and that Romans had lost the values that made them strong. Another historian, Tacitus, thought Roman emperors had taken people’s freedom and that Romans had lost the values that made them strong.

6. Roman Language Latin, the language of the Romans became the basis of many modern European languages and many English words we use today come from Latin as well. Latin, the language of the Romans became the basis of many modern European languages and many English words we use today come from Latin as well.

7. Roman Science and Engineering The Greek doctor Galen brought Greek medical ideas to Rome and emphasized the importance of anatomy. The Greek doctor Galen brought Greek medical ideas to Rome and emphasized the importance of anatomy. Ptolemy was a famous scientist who studied and mapped over 1,000 different stars. Ptolemy was a famous scientist who studied and mapped over 1,000 different stars. Roman engineers also created an advanced system of roads and bridges. Roman engineers also created an advanced system of roads and bridges. Romans also used engineering to supply cities with fresh water with aqueducts and had sewers to remove waste. Romans also used engineering to supply cities with fresh water with aqueducts and had sewers to remove waste.

8. II. Daily Life in Rome (pgs. 306-310) Rome was one of the largest cities in the ancient world. Rome was one of the largest cities in the ancient world. The city was laid out in a square with the main roads crossing at right angles. The city was laid out in a square with the main roads crossing at right angles. The Forum was in the center of Rome and served as a marketplace and public square. The Forum was in the center of Rome and served as a marketplace and public square.

9. Wealthy Romans lived in large homes while poorer people lived in apartment buildings of stone and wood. Wealthy Romans lived in large homes while poorer people lived in apartment buildings of stone and wood. The government provided free grain and sporting shows such as chariot races and gladiator contests – “bread and circuses.” The government provided free grain and sporting shows such as chariot races and gladiator contests – “bread and circuses.” Gladiators were men who fought animals and each other. Gladiators were men who fought animals and each other.

10. Roman families were large with the father or paterfamilias (pa*tuhr*fuh*mih*lee*uhs) as head of the family. Roman families were large with the father or paterfamilias (pa*tuhr*fuh*mih*lee*uhs) as head of the family. Wealthy boys and girls received an education through hired tutors, although some boys went to school. Wealthy boys and girls received an education through hired tutors, although some boys went to school. A boy became a man between the ages of 14 and 16 years old and girls became adults when they married. A boy became a man between the ages of 14 and 16 years old and girls became adults when they married. Women had some rights but were not full citizens. Women had some rights but were not full citizens. Wealthy women had more freedom than poor women. Wealthy women had more freedom than poor women.

11. Slaves were not uncommon in the Roman Empire and by 100 B.C., about 40% of people in Italy were enslaved. Slaves were not uncommon in the Roman Empire and by 100 B.C., about 40% of people in Italy were enslaved. Slaves were often treated poorly and slaves sometimes revolted. Slaves were often treated poorly and slaves sometimes revolted. In 73 B.C., a gladiator named Spartacus led a force of 70,000 enslaved people. In 73 B.C., a gladiator named Spartacus led a force of 70,000 enslaved people. The revolt was finally crushed and Spartacus and 6,000 of his followers were crucified. The revolt was finally crushed and Spartacus and 6,000 of his followers were crucified.

12. Roman Religion Romans worshipped many gods and goddesses. Romans worshipped many gods and goddesses. Greek gods and goddesses were popular in Rome, but given Roman names. Greek gods and goddesses were popular in Rome, but given Roman names. Religious freedom for conquered people was allowed as long as they did not threaten Roman government. Religious freedom for conquered people was allowed as long as they did not threaten Roman government.