1. Computer Science Centre University of Indonesia Chapter 1 Database & Database Users

2. Applications of databases Banks Hospital Library Supermarket Magazine & newspaper subscriptions

3. Extensions Multimedia databases Geographic Information Systems Data warehouse On-line analytical processing (OLAP) Active & real-time databases

4. Definition Collection of related data which has meaning Examples: MS-Access, Oracle, Sybase, Informix, dBase, FoxPro

5. Properties Represents some aspect of the real world, called miniworld or Universe of Discourse Logically coherent collection of data with some inherent meaning Designed, built and populated for specific purpose

6. More example Small database: phonebook on your handphones! Large & complex database: tax office database Why is it much more complex?

7. DBMS Database Management System is a collection of softwares that facilitates the process of –defining, –constructing and –manipulating database for various applications

8. Database System Environment

9. ‘University’ database example Has 5 files (‘tables’): –Student –Course –Section –Grade Report –Prerequisite See how do they relate to each other! How do we define, construct & manipulate?

11. Characteristic of Database Approach Self describing nature Insulation between program and data Support of multiple views of data Sharing of data & multiuser transaction processing

12. Self describing nature As oppose to unstructured data Meta-data describes the structure of the database In traditional file processing, data definition is part of the application program

13. Insulation between programs & data Changes to the data structure does not generally require changing the program For example, adding a new field ‘Birthday’ The ‘data structure’ is not in the program We call this program-data independence DBMS provides conceptual representation User or programmer does not need to know how the DBMS store the data in the disk / file.

14. Multiple Views

15. Sharing & Multiuser DBMS provides concurrency control to ensure ‘correct’ behavior when multiple users update the same database Example: airline seat reservation It is called On-Line Transaction Processing (OLTP)

16. The Actors Database administrator –Authorizing access rights Database designers –Defines the structure of data to be stored End users: –Sophisticated non-programmer users –Naïve users Application programmers

17. Advantages of Using a DBMS Controlling redundancy Restricting unauthorized access Provides persistent storage for data structures Permits inferencing Multiple user interfaces Represents complex relations amongst data Enforcing integrity constraints Provides backup & recovery

18. Implications of Database to Organizations Could enforce standards Reduce application development time Flexibility Availability of up-to-date information Economies of scale