1. ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Hydrocarbons

2. What are Hydrocarbons? A hydrocarbon is a molecule which contains only the elements Carbon and Hydrogen. Hydrocarbons are obtained from the Fractional Distillation of crude oil. We use them for fuels in cars (octane) and in cookers (methane).

3. Hydrocarbons Homologous Series a group of chemically similar compounds which can be represented by a general formula. Physical properties change gradually through the series Alkanes Alkenes Alkynes

4. Alkanes MethaneMonsters EthaneEat PropanePupils ButaneBut PentanePrefer HexaneHairy HeptaneHaggis Octaneor NonaneNice DecaneDinners

5. Alkanes - Methane 3D Full Structural  2D Full Structural Formula

6. Alkanes Each member can be represented in three different ways: MethanePropane Full Structural Formula Shortened Structural Formula Molecular Formula

7. Alkanes The Alkanes are a family of hydrocarbons and all share the same chemical properties: Single Carbon to carbon bonds ( - C – C - ) All end in -‘ane’ Saturated hydrocarbons All share a General Formula General Formula – CnH2n + 2

8. Alkanes Alkane (Carbon Atoms) Molecular Formula Shortened Structural Formula Full Structural Formula BoilingPoint Methane (1) (1)-164 Ethane (2) (2) C2H6C2H6C2H6C2H6 CH 3 CH 3 - 89 Propane (3) (3)

9. Alkanes Alkane (Carbon Atoms) Molecular Formula Shortened Structural Formula Full Structural Formula BoilingPoint Methane (1) (1) CH 4 -164 Ethane (2) (2) C2H6C2H6C2H6C2H6 CH 3 CH 3 - 89 Propane (3) (3) C3H8C3H8C3H8C3H8 CH 3 CH 2 CH 3 - 42

10. Alkanes Alkane (Carbon Atoms) Molecular Formula Shortened Structural Formula Full Structural Formula BoilingPoint Butane (4) (4) Pentane (5) (5) Hexane(6)

11. Alkanes Alkane (Carbon Atoms) Molecular Formula Shortened Structural Formula Full Structural Formula BoilingPoint Butane (4) (4) C 4 H 10 CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 Pentane (5) (5) C 5 H 12 CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 36 Hexane(6) C 6 H 14 CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 69

12. Alkanes Alkane (Carbon Atoms) Molecular Formula Shortened Structural Formula Full Structural Formula BoilingPoint Heptane(7) Octane(8)

13. Alkanes Alkane (Carbon Atoms) Molecular Formula Shortened Structural Formula Full Structural Formula BoilingPoint Heptane(7) C 7 H 16 CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 98 98 Octane(8) C 8 H 18 CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 126 126

14. Alkanes General Formula for alkanes is C n H 2n+2 The number of Hydrogen atoms = 2 times the number of Carbon atoms plus 2