1. Indianapolis v. St. Petersburg Why do their policing styles differ? Article: “Police Culture and Coercion”, Criminology, 41:4, 2003

2. FBI UNIFORM CRIME REPORTS – 2003 – NUMBER OF OFFENSES KNOWN TO POLICE http://www.fbi.gov/ucr/03cius.htm PopulationTT ViolentMurderRapeRobbAggAsltTT PropBurgTheftVehTheft Indianapolis 8001677069107420282837144538610062278917433 St. Petersburg 25309540542210611982728164313852105831996 Ind:St.P ratio 3.2:11.7:14.9:14:12.4:11.4:12.8:12.6:1 3.7:1 DEMOGRAPHICS – 2000 CENSUS http://encyclopedia.learnthis.info/i/in/indianapolis__indiana.html http://www.answers.com/topic/saint-petersburg-florida Area (mi 2 )Pop dens./ mi 2 % Pop. < 25 Indianapolis 362216336% St. Petersburg 133416329% Ind:St.P ratio 2.7:10.5:11.2:1 (21%>) POLICE FORCE CHARACTERISTICS www.policepay.net Ofcs (w/o supv)Ofc/1,000 pop. Indianapolis 9541.2 St. Petersburg 4321.7 Ind:St.P ratio 2.2:10.7:1 (29%<)

3. Indianapolis – St. Petersburg comparison (racial profiling article) Differences between communities – Crime – Police coverage – Population density – Geographical area Effects of differences on environment of policing – Officer backup / number on scene – Response time – Officer safety – Crime solving – Pressures to move on (calls waiting) Can these explain differences in policing styles between areas? – Indianapolis: impersonal “traditional” approach – St. Petersburg: personalized “community” approach Individual differences in policing styles within agencies remains – How officers target motorists does vary

4. Politics  Agency approach (traditional-professional OR community-oriented)  Officer styles (crime fighter OR service oriented)  Use of force, coercion, profiling Environmental forces  Agency approach (traditional-professional OR community-oriented)  Officer styles (crime fighter OR service oriented)  Use of force, coercion, profiling Are agencies and officers free to “choose” their approaches and styles? This...? Or this?

5. Officer styles (crime fighter OR service oriented) Environmental forces Agency approach (traditional-professional OR community-oriented) Use of force, coercion, profiling PoliticsEducatorsFunding Sources Individual factors Or is the model even more complex?