1. Malcolm X and the Nation of Islam

2. "chronic poverty is a breeder of chronic chaos." WATTS, 1968

3.  Non-violence did not improve life for inner-city Blacks  Malcolm X represented a different choice for frustrated African- Americans ◦ Malcolm X verbally attacked white society and criticized non-violence

4. “You can't separate peace from freedom because no one can be at peace unless he has his freedom.”

5.  Black Separatism: Rejection of white society; focus on Black pride and self-respect  Black Muslims (Nation of Islam): Led by Elijiah Muhammad ◦ Stressed equality and self- discipline

6.  1964: Malcolm X began to reject Muslim idea of Black Separatism ◦ Accepted the possibility of racial harmony  1965: Malcolm X murdered by Muslim rivals

7. "I know that societies often have killed the people who have helped to change those societies. And if I can die having brought any light, having exposed any meaningful truth that will help to destroy the racist cancer that is malignant in the body of America -- then all of the credit is due to Allah.“ -- Malcolm X ("The Autobiography of Malcolm X")

8.  Malcolm X’s message was an early voice in the Black Power movement ◦ Adopted by SNCC leader, Stokely Carmichael as model for late 1960’s civil rights movement ◦ Inspiration for Black Panther Party