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Published byRoger Henderson Modified over 9 years ago
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China & Japan The Years Following WWI
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China Seeks Modernization Sun Yat-sen declared China a republic, January 1912 Dreamed of democratic rule Was ousted 2 months later by Yuan Shigai Yuan turned the new republic into a dictatorship Sun organized the Goumindang party & tried to overthrow Yuan This failed & he moved to Japan
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Chiang Kai-shek After Yuan died, Sun returned to fight warlords Was unsuccessful, but in 1923 he had help from USSR & an officer named Chiang Kai-shek. Sun died 1925 Chiang was successful & established a government in Nanjing Built roads, schools, & railways However, government was not democratic & did little to raise standard of living of peasants
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Guomindang vs.. Communists Communists had helped Guomindang defeat the warlords 1927 they attempt to overthrow the Guomindang Unsuccessful & Chiang turned against the Communists In Shanghai, Guangzhou, & other cities Guomindang soldiers killed tens of thousands of Communists Communists gathered in the south & form the Red Army led by Mao Zedong
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“In a very short time, in China’s central, southern, and northern provinces, several hundred million peasants will rise like a mighty storm, like a hurricane, a force so swift and violent that no power, however great, will be able to hold it back.” Mao Zedong, 1925
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The Long March Surrounded by Guomindang soldiers, the Red Army began a retreat to Jiangxi The Long March lasted for 1 year & covered about 6,000 miles The whole time they were being chased by the Guomindang Of the 100,000 Red Army troops, fewer than 8,000 survived
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Think Why would the Guomindang and the Communists join forces to fight the warlords and the Japanese?
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Japan After the War Population grew to 60 million in 1925 Emigration had been cut off to the US & others Expanded heavy industry to provide jobs Increased manufacturing spurred the need for raw materials, of which Japan had little. They began to look overseas for raw materials
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Politics in Japan Emperor Hirohito was a constitutional monarch Aided by a group of influential military leaders These people opposed democracy Militarism began to influence all aspects of Japanese life Young children carried out military drills in schools & participated in parades Military dress appealed to many nationalists
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Making Connections Describe how the combination of a population explosion and a need for raw materials caused problems for the Pacific Rim.
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Japanese Militarism 1931- Japanese military took over Manchuria (northeast region of China) Did this without government approval 1932- Army officers assassinated a prime minister who opposed their views 1936- Army officers armed a revolt against the government Was put down, but the steady takeover of government policy making continued 1937- Military took over Nanjing, China 1939- Japan controlled most of eastern China
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