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Biomechanical Basis of Shoulder Osseous Deformity and Contracture in a Rat Model of Brachial Plexus Birth Palsy by Dustin L. Crouch, Ian D. Hutchinson, Johannes F. Plate, Jennifer Antoniono, Hao Gong, Guohua Cao, Zhongyu Li, and Katherine R. Saul J Bone Joint Surg Am Volume 97(15):1264-1271 August 5, 2015 ©2015 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.
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Custom test fixture used to measure the maximum passive external shoulder rotation angle (ERmax). Dustin L. Crouch et al. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2015;97:1264- 1271 ©2015 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.
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Muscle mass difference between the affected (left) and unaffected (right) forelimbs. Dustin L. Crouch et al. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2015;97:1264- 1271 ©2015 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.
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Ratio of internal rotator (pectoralis major and subscapularis) to external rotator (supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and spinodeltoid) muscle mass. Dustin L. Crouch et al. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2015;97:1264- 1271 ©2015 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.
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Optimal muscle length difference between the affected (left) and unaffected (right) forelimbs. Dustin L. Crouch et al. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2015;97:1264- 1271 ©2015 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.
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Bilateral difference in maximum passive external shoulder rotation angle, ERmax (affected – unaffected). Dustin L. Crouch et al. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2015;97:1264- 1271 ©2015 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.
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Glenoid version and inclination angles in affected forelimbs. Dustin L. Crouch et al. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2015;97:1264- 1271 ©2015 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.
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Anteroposterior subluxation and superoinferior translation of the humeral head relative to the scapula. Dustin L. Crouch et al. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2015;97:1264- 1271 ©2015 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.
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