1. The Vietnam Era Chapter 27

2. Section 1

3. Background Communist Government was to rule North Vietnam from its capital of Hanoi. Ngo Dinh Diem was to rule South Vietnam from its capital of Saigon. Guerrillas in South Vietnam who were furnished by the North Vietnamese were called Vietcong. The United States responded to Diem’s governing by withdrawing support. Introduction to War

4. Section 2

5. North Vietnam attacks American destroyers in the Gulf of Tonkin. Johnson responds by calling for: ▫The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution ▫Airstrikes against North Vietnam

6. Johnson runs for reelection, vowing not to send Americans to Vietnam. Johnson wins the 1964 election in a landslide. LBJ Campaign Ad

7. North Vietnam attacks American base at Pleiku. Johnson responds by launching more airstrikes

8. The Vietcong continue their attacks. Americans develop new weapons, including napalm and Agent Orange. Americans try to kill massive numbers of enemy troops in missions called search and destroy missions. See pages 916

9. The North Vietnamese launch the Tet Offensive on the New Year holiday. Americans and South Vietnamese troops retake cities and win the battle. Americans at home react with surprise and decreasing support for the war.

10. The war continues for several years. Hawks supported the war and wanted the government to mount an all-out military effort to decisively defeat the Vietcong and North Vietnam Doves believed that the Vietnam war could not be won and was morally wrong

11. Opposition to the war increases. Some resisters burn their draft cards. Some claim to be conscientious objectors, who disagree with war for religious or philosophical reasons. Many flee to Canada.

12. Antiwar movement evolves. First, protests are mainly peaceful. Later, violence between protesters and police becomes more common. See Page 914

14. Washington D.C. Protest Oct 21, 1967 Nearly 100,000 people gathered to protest the American war effort in Vietnam The protest was the most dramatic sign of waning U.S. support for the war in Vietnam

16. Ohio National Guardsmen fire tear gas to disperse a crowd of students protesting the Vietnam War on Kent State University's campus. May 4, 1970.

17. Ohio National Guardsmen stand in front of the Army ROTC building on Kent State University's campus.

18. The guardsmen fired 67 rounds over a period of 13 seconds Recent evidence shows that there was a command given to fire on unarmed demonstrators!

19. A Kent State University student lies on the ground after National Guardsman fired into a crowd of anti-Vietnam War demonstrators.

20. Kent State students gather around a wounded person on the University campus. Ohio National Guardsmen hold their weapons.

21. Mary Ann Vecchio kneels by the body of a student who was shot to death by Ohio National Guardsmen.

22. Ohio National Guardsmen patrol the empty Kent State University campus on May 6, 1970, after a three-day student riot.

23. Members of the Guard killed four students and injured nine during the campus protest against the Vietnam War. Half of these students weren’t demonstrating, they were just in the wrong place at the wrong time. (some were walking between classes)

24. The four dead in Ohio. *Walking between classes **

26. Anti-War/ Protest Songs Fortunate Son - CCR Ohio - Crosby, Stills, Nash, and Young War - Edwin Starr For What It’s Worth - Buffalo Springfield

27. Section 3

28. Johnson does not run for reelection. Hubert Humphrey runs for the Democrats. Nixon promises to bring “peace with honor.” Nixon wins the 1968 presidential election. Nixon pursues a policy of Vietnamization American troops withdraw, giving the South Vietnamese more responsibility for the war.

29. Nixon calls for bombing Cambodian bases. For the outcome of the war, the effect is small For Cambodia, the bombings cause chaos and civil war. The attacks trigger a new storm of protests in the United States.

30. Henry Kissinger meets with a North Vietnamese leader to work out a peace agreement. Before the 1972 presidential election, Kissinger promises that peace is at hand In fact, the South Vietnamese rejected the proposed agreement. Paris Peace Accords are signed in January 1973. The last U.S. combat troops leave Vietnam by March 1973 North Vietnamese are allowed to keep 150,000 troops in South Vietnam. North Vietnamese troops proceed to seize control of the Country

31. South Vietnamese troops retreat. Thousands of soldiers die and civilians flee in what became known as the Convey of Tears South Vietnamese government surrenders. Vietnam is united under a Communist government. Saigon is renamed Ho Chi Minh City.

32. Number of killed and wounded 58,000 Americans die in battle. About 350,000 South Vietnamese die in battle. North Vietnamese dead are between 500,000 and 1 million 10 million people in South Vietnam are left homeless.

33. Section 4

34. Watergate In order to obtain information during the 1972 presidential elections, burglars broke into the Democratic Party offices in the Watergate apartment complex. White House Officials paid the burglars so that they would not tell the story of the burglary. A Senate committee held hearings to investigate the scandal. John Dean, a former White House counsel, testified that Nixon had approved the cover-up.

35. Watergate The Supreme Court ordered Nixon to turn over tapes of his conversations. The House of Representatives took steps to impeach President Nixon. On August 9, 1974, Nixon resigned.