1. END OF WORLD WAR ONE

2. Stalemate  By 1918, both sides were fighting a defensive battle Due to shortages and exhaustion, neither side could mount an offensive attack Defeatist attitudes in England, France Mutinies taking place in French and British Armies Russia was losing great amounts of land, Czar’s leadership was lacking (led to the Russian Revolution….) Germany suffered shortage of food/supplies, great loss at the Second Battle of the Marne

3. Armistice  Armistice= agreement to stop fighting until an official agreement is reached. Germany agreed to stop fighting if President Wilson would use his “14 Points” to negotiate a peace treaty

4. President Wilson’s 14 Points  Wilson’s plan to outline terms for peace after the war were called the 14 Points This plan included such things as: Freedom of trade for all nations No secret alliances Freedom of the seas Sovereignty for Belgium and the former states of Russia and Austria-Hungry

5. Paris Peace Conference  Meeting of “The Big 4” The Big 4 included the U.S. (Wilson), Great Britain (David Lloyd George), France (Georges Clemenceau), and Italy (Vittoria Orlando) Russia, Germany, and German Allies were not represented at the conference Why? Many blamed Germany for the war and thought Russia was not stable enough (Due to the Russian Revolution…) to make meaningful, objective contributions.

6. Opposing Viewpoints  At the start of the PPC, all 4 men had different goals and values France wanted revenge and security Great Britain wanted to balance the power Italy was after territorial gains U.S. pushed its 14 points, and proposed a League of Nations

7. Treaty of Versailles  Signed June 28 th, 1919  Required: Germany to pay 33 Billion dollars in war reparations to the Allies over 30 years Article 231 (War Guild Clause) stated that sole responsibility for the war fell on Germany Germany to return lands to France and the French Border to be expanded to touch the Rhine River Germany to surrender all of its overseas colonies in the Africa and Pacific

8. Treaty of Versailles  Required: Germany was forbidden from building/buying submarines or having an air force, prohibited from importing or manufacturing weapons or war supplies, and army was limited in size. Created a league of nations to settle international disputes

9. Maps of Europe