1. Air Navigation and Performance Instruments Know the types and functions of air navigation instruments.

2. Summary Describe the functions of a Compass Describe the functions of Turn-and-Slip Indicators Describe the functions of a Attitude Indicator

6. Compass The most basic and important navigation instrument. Every airplane has a magnetic compass because it is the only totally reliable direction- sensing device in the airplane. Heading indicators are in most airplanes today.

7. Compass The most basic and important navigation instrument. Every airplane has a magnetic compass because it is the only totally reliable direction- sensing device in the airplane. Heading indicators are in most airplanes today.

8. Compass When working with a magnetic compass, a pilot is concerned with three kinds of headings. True heading (TH) Magnetic heading (MH)

10. Turn-and-Slip Indicator Two instruments in one. Direction and rate of turn Slip or Skid

11. Vertical Speed Indicator Climb or Descent Rate of change

12. Attitude Indicator A gyroscopic instrument that provides a horizon that moves about so that it always shows the relationship of the horizon to the pitch (nose up and down), and the bank of the airplane’s wings.

13. Position Lines of reference are necessary in order to locate specific points on the Earth. These lines are known as parallels of latitude and meridians of longitude. The numbers representing a position in terms of latitude and longitude are known as coordinates of that position. North Penn N40-14.05, W075-18.58

14. Position Latitude Parallel with the equator are lines of latitude. Each of these parallel lines is a small circle, and they have a definitive location. The equator is latitude 0 o, and the poles are located at 90 o latitude. Letter designators N and S are used to show which latitude is meant. Longitude The Greenwich Meridian is sometimes called the prime meridian, although it is actually the zero meridian Longitude is counted east and west from this meridian through 180 o

15. Putting it all Together

16. Air Navigation and Performance Instruments Know the types and functions of air navigation instruments.