1. Farming systems analysis Ghana and Mali Bamako, February 3 rd, 2014 Wageningen University, IITA, ICRISAT, MSU

2. Introduction  Entry points for sustainable intensification: Farm components: crop and animal yield gaps Farm yield gaps: configurations of components and inputs Interactions with social-ecological and economic environment: networks, markets, resources  Integrated farming systems analysis needed: Context-specific On-farm testing Embedded in communities

3. Introduction  Relations with farmer- and community-oriented, on-farm and on-station research: Basket of technologies: local research on crops, animals, etc. Quantification of input-output relations Engage in an inform stakeholder / community discussions

4. Methodology Survey Rapid characteriz. Detailed description Exploration innovations Functional typology Structural typology Systems (re)design Extrapolation Farm diagnoses Tradeoff analysis Farm innovations Potential impact

5.  Ghana Northern, Upper West and Upper East  Mali Bougouni and Koutiala with ICRISAT  Malawi Dedza and Ntcheu with MSU  Tanzania Babati and Kongwa & Kiketo Where?

6.  Villages in Koutiala and Bougouni districts  Three different groupings in total  Farmer types grouped on basis of: Livestock numbers: tropical livestock units, TLU (Active) farm family members Farm area, and fallow area for Bougouni Mali typology

7. Mali typology (example Koutiala) Falconnier 2013 TLU >21 TLU >21 yes no Type 1: Large, high TLU Type 1: Large, high TLU Actives >9 Actives >9 yes no Type 2: Large, avg. TLU Type 2: Large, avg. TLU Land >5.8 Tools >2 TLU >2.2 Land >5.8 Tools >2 TLU >2.2 yes no Type 3: Medium sized Type 3: Medium sized Type 4: Small sized farms Type 4: Small sized farms

8.  3 regions (North, Upper West, Upper East)  25 intervention communities  80 HHs surveyed per region, grouping per region  Farmer types grouped on the basis of: Resource endowment (land, livestock, assets) Production orientation (subsistence, consumption, market) Source of income (on-farm vs. off-farm) Ghana typology

9. Arable land Livestock HH size Assets Arable land Livestock HH size Assets Wealth indicators Type 1 Resource endowment Production orientation Source of income Type 2 Type 3 Type 4 Type 5 LRE MRE HRE Subsistence Consumption > market Consumption = market Consumption < market On-farm only On-farm > off-farm On-farm > off-farm On-farm = off-farm On-farm = off-farm On-farm < off-farm On-farm < off-farm

10. Mali Ghana Farm area Livestock (TLU) Persons/area Koutiala Boug 1 Boug 2 North Upper West Upper East

11. Income sources Ghana

12. Food insecurity Ghana

13. Example farm in model (Ghana)

15. Exploration of system alternatives Green = reconfiguration of the original farm components Orange = after adding Maize + Soybean and Maize + Cowpea

16. Entry points at system level

18. Sustainable development Source: www.thenaturalstep.org

19.  Continue and underpin the evaluation of entry points  Compare findings between countries, incl. Tanzania and Malawi  Strengthen relations with farmer- and community-oriented, on-farm and station research  Plans for continuation of systems analysis with two PhD students Discussion

20. Africa Research in Sustainable Intensification for the Next Generation africa-rising.net Thank you for your attention jeroen.groot@wur.nl

21. Sustainable development Source: www.thenaturalstep.org