2. COMPUTER BASED INFORMATION SYSTEMS Information systems where computer is being used as a tool for processing-Watson & Kroeber Model : # Office Automation Systems(OAS) # Transaction Processing Systems(TPS) # Management Information Systems(MIS) # Decision Support Systems(DSS)

3. OAS Bring technology to knowledge workers and office staff. As drill presses and cutting machines have increased the productivity of factory workers, the word processing, facsimile and e-mail have increased the productivity of office staff. An automated office is a multifunctional integrated computer based system that allows many office activities to be performed in an electronic mode.

4. TPS TPS are the capabilities designed to capture and store data on the activities of the organization. First systems to be computerized. The focus of TPS is data and short-term events of the organization. A TPS is a computer based system that captures, classifies, stores, maintains, updates and retrieves transaction data for record keeping and for input to other systems.

5. MIS MIS takes data from TPS and transforms it into information to support the structured decision processes. Produce scheduled reports. Focus is information. An organized set of processes that provides information to manag­ers to support the operations and decision making within an organization.

6. DSS An interactive system that provides access to data and models to support semi-structured and unstructured problems. The focus is on decision process involving planning and trouble shooting.

7. INPUTS-PROCESSES-OUTPUTS OF CBIS CBISINPUTSPROCESSESOUTPUTS OASAppointments, documents, address lists etc. Scheduling, word processing, data storage and retrieval Schedules, memoranda, bulk mail, administrative reports, etc. TPSTransaction DataClassifying, sorting, addition, deletion, updation Detail Reports, Processed transaction data MISProcessed Transaction Data, some management originated data, pre- programmed models Report generation, data management, simple modeling, statistical methods, query response Summary and exception reports, routine decisions, replies to management queries DSSSome processed transaction data, mostly management originated data, unique models Query response, Management science/operations research modeling, simulation Special reports, input to difficult decisions, replies to man­agement queries

8. Applications Simple Complex MIS IN A TOTAL CBIS ENVIRONMENT TPS & OAS DSS MIS Simple Complex Technology

9. Hierarchical View DSS OAS TPS MIS Clerical Personnel First – Line Management Middle Mgt Top Mgt

10. 1970 1960 To MIS 1950 To D.P 1980 To D.S.S CBIS To O.A.S EVOLUTIONARY VIEW

11. Contingency View 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s Top Management Middle Management First-Line Management Clerical Personal Organisational Levels Served Examples of Related Disciplines Management Science / Operations Research Organisation Theory Accounting Office Management DSS MIS (TPS) OAS DP

12. EIS/OAS  Business Process Applications  Process Control  Help Desk  Office Work Flow DSS Batch OLTP Strategic Competitive Advantage Survival 1970s1980s1990s2000s

13. Data Management from TPS Reporting Systems from MIS Modeling Techniques from DSS Office Communications from OAS GUI